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Saltation
In the first decade of twentieth century, Hugo deVries based on his work on evening primrose brought forth the idea of mutations – large difference arising suddenly in a population. He believed that it is mutation which causes evolution and not the minor variations (heritable) that Darwin talked about. Mutations are random and directionless while Darwinian variations are small and directional. Evolution for Darwin was gradual while deVries believed mutation caused speciation and hence called it saltation (single step large mutation). Studies in population genetics, later, brought out some clarity.
(i) What is saltation?(ii) What is variation according to Darwin?
(a) Small (b) Directional
(c) Large & random (d) (a) and (b) both
(iii) Which plant was taken by Hugo de vries for his experiments?(iv) What is the reason of mutation according to Hugo DeVries?

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(no answer)