{ "chapter_id": 3, "chapter_title": "Aldehydes, Ketones and 157 Carboxylic Acids", "uploaded_filename": "Chapter8.zip", "uploaded_sha256": "ba63c068aae0d6cac9e6a7c547cf08c0a222afa4d0e0acd92847f1e779b0de1d", "status": "confirmed", "sections": [ { "section_id": "3.2", "section_title": "Topic-wise Q & A", "heading_text": "Topic-wise Questions and Answers", "detected_type": "SUB", "match_confidence": 0.609, "questions": [ { "sequence_no": 1, "question_text": "
What is carbonyl group? Give information about the functional groups containing carbonyl group with their structures.
", "answer_text": "
Carbonyl group: The organic compounds in which carbon-oxygen double bond (>C=O) containing functional group is present is called Carbonyl compounds and >C=O group is known as Carbonyl group.
\n
Functional groups containing carbonyl group :
\n
\"\"
\n
Carboxylic acids: The carbonyl compounds in which carbon of carbonyl group is bonded to carbon or hydrogen and oxygen of hydroxyl moiety (–OH) are known as carboxylic acid.
\n
\"\"
\n
Amides and acyl halides: The carbonyl compounds in which carbon of carbonyl group is bonded to carbon or hydrogen and nitrogen of –NH2 moiety or to halogen are called amides and acyl halides respectively.
\n
\"\"
\n
Esters and anhydrides: The compounds in which carbonyl carbon is bonded to a carbon or hydrogen and oxygen of alkoxy moiety (–OR’) and carbon of acyl moiety (–COR’) are known as esters and anhydrides respectively.
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/3.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/4.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/5.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-3", "path": "Chapter8/6.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-3", "marks": 3, "source_number": "1", "original_raw_text": " What is carbonyl group? Give information about the functional groups containing carbonyl group with their structures. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 2, "question_text": "
Give importance of aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids.
", "answer_text": "
Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids are widespread in plants and animal kingdom.
\n
They play an important role in biochemical process of life.
\n
They add fragrance and flavour to nature, for example, vanillin (from vanilla beans), salicylaldehyde (from madow sweet) and cinnamaldehyde (from cinnamon) have very pleasant fragrance.
\n
They are used in many food products and pharmaceuticals to add flavours.
\n
Some of these families are manufactured for use as solvents (i.e. acetone) and for preparing materials like adhesives, paints, resins, perfumes, plastics, fabrics, etc.
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "marks": 2, "source_number": "2", "original_raw_text": " Give importance of aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids.", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 3, "question_text": "
Write common names of following compounds.
\n
\t(i)\tCH3CHO
\n
(ii)
\n
\t(iii) \"\"
\n
\t(iv) \"\"\t\t(v) \"\"
\n
(vi) \"\"
\n
\t(vii) \"\"
\n
(viii)\t\"\"
\n
\t(ix)\tCH2 = CHCHO
\n
(x) \"\" \t(xi) (CH3)2CHCHO
\n
\t(xii) (CH3)2CHCOCH(CH3)2
\n
\t(xiii) \"\"
\n
(xiv) (CH3)2C=CHCOCH3
", "answer_text": "
\t(i)\tAcetaldehyde
\n
\t(ii)\tBenzaldehyde
\n
\t(iii)\tb-Bromobutyraldehyde
\n
\t(iv)\tAcetone
\n
\t(v)\tAcetophenone
\n
\t(vi)\tPropiophenone
\n
\t(vii)\tBenzophenone
\n
\t(viii)\tγ-Methylcyclohexanecarbaldehyde
\n
\t(ix)\tAcrolein
\n
\t(x)\tPhthaldehyde
\n
\t(xi)\tIsobutyraldehyde
\n
\t(xii)\tDiisopropyl ketone
\n
\t(xiii)\ta-Methylcyclohexanone
\n
\t(xiv)\tMesityl oxide
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/12.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(iii)" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/13.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(iv) (v)" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/14.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(iv) (v)" }, { "id": "img-3", "path": "Chapter8/15.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(vi)" }, { "id": "img-4", "path": "Chapter8/16.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(vii)" }, { "id": "img-5", "path": "Chapter8/17.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(viii)" }, { "id": "img-6", "path": "Chapter8/18.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(x) (xi) (CH 3 ) 2 CHCHO" }, { "id": "img-7", "path": "Chapter8/19.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(xiii)" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-15", "marks": 1, "source_number": "3", "boundary_log": [ "pre-marker→stem" ], "original_raw_text": " Write common names of following compounds.\n\t(i)\tCH3CHO\n (ii) \n\t(iii) \n\t(iv) \t\t(v) \n (vi) \n\t(vii) \n (viii)\t\n\t(ix)\tCH2 = CHCHO\n (x) \t(xi) (CH3)2CHCHO\n\t(xii) (CH3)2CHCOCH(CH3)2\n\t(xiii) \n (xiv) (CH3)2C=CHCOCH3", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 4, "question_text": "
Discuss structure of the carbonyl group.
", "answer_text": "
The carbonyl carbon atom is sp2-hybridised and forms three sigma (s) bonds.
\n
The fourth valence electron of carbon remains in its p-orbital and forms a p-bond with oxygen by overlap with p-orbital of an oxygen.
\n
In addition, the oxygen atom also has two non bonding electron pairs. Thus, the carbonyl carbon and the three atoms attached to it lie in the same plane and the p-electron cloud is above and below this plane.
\n
The bond angles are approximately 120° as expected of a trigonal coplanar structure (Fig.).
\n
\"\"
\n
\"\"
\n
The carbon-oxygen double bond is polarised due to higher electronegativity of oxygen relative to carbon. Hence, the carbonyl carbon is an electrophilic (Lewis acid), and carbonyl oxygen, a nucleophilic (Lewis base) centre. Carbonyl compounds have significant dipole moments and are polar than ethers. The high polarity of the carbonyl group is explained on the basis of resonance involving neutral (A) and a dipolar (B) structures as shown.

", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/21.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/22.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-28", "marks": 3, "source_number": "4", "original_raw_text": " Discuss structure of the carbonyl group. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 5, "question_text": "
Explain the preparation of aldehydes and ketones by oxidation of alcohols with suitable examples.
", "answer_text": "
RCH2OH \"\" RCHO
\n
A better reagent for oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes in good yield is pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC), a complex of chromium trioxide with pyridine and HCI. \"\"
\n
CH3 – CH = CH – CH2OH \"\"
\n
CH3 – CH = CH – CHO
\n
Secondary alcohols are oxidised to ketones by chromic anhydride (CrO3)
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/25.png", "position": "answer", "context": "Ans. RCH 2 OH RCHO" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/26.png", "position": "answer", "context": "A better reagent for oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehy…" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/27.png", "position": "answer", "context": "CH 3 – CH = CH – CH 2 OH" }, { "id": "img-3", "path": "Chapter8/28.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-3", "marks": 2, "source_number": "5", "original_raw_text": " Explain the preparation of aldehydes and ketones by oxidation of alcohols with suitable examples. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 6, "question_text": "
Explain the preparation of aldehydes and ketones by dehydrogenation of alcohols with suitable examples.
", "answer_text": "
When the vapours of a primary or a secondary alcohol are passed over heated copper at 573 K, dehydrogenation takes place and an aldehyde or a ketone is formed.
\n
\"\"
\n
\"\"
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/31.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/32.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/33.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "marks": 2, "source_number": "6", "original_raw_text": " Explain the preparation of aldehydes and ketones by dehydrogenation of alcohols with suitable examples. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 7, "question_text": "
Explain the preparation of aldehydes and ketones by ozonolysis of alkenes with suitable example.
", "answer_text": "
Ozonolysis: Ozonolysis of alkenes involves the addition of ozone molecule to alkene to form ozonide by Zn-H2O to smaller molecules. This reaction is highly useful in detecting the position of the double bond in alkenes or other unsaturated compounds.
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/35.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "marks": 2, "source_number": "7", "original_raw_text": " Explain the preparation of aldehydes and ketones by ozonolysis of alkenes with suitable example.", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 8, "question_text": "
Explain the preparation of aldehydes and ketones by hydration of alkynes with suitable example.
", "answer_text": "
Like alkanes and alkenes, alkynes are also immiscible and do not react with water. However, one molecule of water adds to alkynes on warming with mercuric sulphate and dilute sulphuric acid at 333 K to form carbonyl compounds.
\n
\"\"
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/37.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/38.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "marks": 2, "source_number": "8", "original_raw_text": " Explain the preparation of aldehydes and ketones by hydration of alkynes with suitable example. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 9, "question_text": "
Explain Rosenmund reduction in brief.
", "answer_text": "
Acyl chloride (acid chloride) is hydrogenated over catalyst palladium on barium sulphate. This reaction is called Rosenmund reduction.
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/40.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-38", "marks": 2, "source_number": "9", "original_raw_text": " Explain Rosenmund reduction in brief. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 10, "question_text": "
Explain Stephen reaction in brief.\t
", "answer_text": "
Nitriles are reduced to corresponding imine with stannous chloride in the presence of hydrochloric acid, which on hydrolysis give corresponding aldehyde.
\n
\tRCN + SnCl2 + HCl \"\" RCH=NH \"\" RCHO
\n
This reaction is called Stephen reaction.
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/42.png", "position": "answer", "context": "RCN + SnCl 2 + HCl RCH=NH RCHO" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/43.png", "position": "answer", "context": "RCN + SnCl 2 + HCl RCH=NH RCHO" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-40", "marks": 2, "source_number": "10", "original_raw_text": " Explain Stephen reaction in brief.\t", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 11, "question_text": "
Explain the reduction of nitriles and esters by diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBAL-H) with suitable example.
", "answer_text": "
Nitriles are selectively reduced by diisobutylaluminium hydride, (DIBAL-H) to imines followed by hydrolysis to aldehydes:
\n
\"\"
\n
\"\"
\n
CH3–CH=CH–CH2CH2–CHO
\n
Similarly, esters are also reduced to aldehydes with DIBAL-H.
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/45.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/46.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "marks": 2, "source_number": "11", "original_raw_text": " Explain the reduction of nitriles and esters by diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBAL-H) with suitable example. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 12, "question_text": "
Explain with chemical equations, various methods for the preparation of benzaldehyde by oxidation of methylbenzene.
\n
OR
\n
\tExplain the preparation of benzaldehyde by Etard and Gatterman-Koch reaction.
", "answer_text": "
(a) Use of chromyl chloride (CrO2Cl2): Chromyl chloride oxidises methyl group to a chromium complex, which on hydrolysis gives corresponding benzaldehyde.
\n
\"\"
\n
\"\"
\n
\tThis reaction is called Etard reaction.
\n
(b)\tUse of chromic oxide (CrO3): Toluene or substituted toluene is converted to benzylidene diacetate on treating with chromic oxide in acetic anhydride. The benzylidene diacetate can be hydrolysed to corresponding benzaldehyde with aqueous acid.
\n
\"\"
\n
By side chain chlorination followed by hydrolysis: Side chain chlorination of toluene gives benzal chloride, which on hydrolysis gives benzaldehyde. This is a commercial method of manufacture of benzaldehyde.

\"\"

\"\"

\n
By Gatterman - Koch reaction: When benzene or its derivative is treated with carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride or cuprous chloride, it gives benzaldehyde or substituted benzaldehyde.
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/50.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/51.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/53.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-3", "path": "Chapter8/54.png", "position": "answer", "context": "By side chain chlorination followed by hydrolysis: Side chai…" }, { "id": "img-4", "path": "Chapter8/55.png", "position": "answer", "context": "By side chain chlorination followed by hydrolysis: Side chai…" }, { "id": "img-5", "path": "Chapter8/56.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "marks": 4, "source_number": "12", "boundary_log": [ "or_alt→stem" ], "original_raw_text": " Explain with chemical equations, various methods for the preparation of benzaldehyde by oxidation of methylbenzene.\nOR\n\tExplain the preparation of benzaldehyde by Etard and Gatterman-Koch reaction. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 13, "question_text": "
Explain the preparation of ketones from acyl chlorides.
", "answer_text": "
Treatment of acyl chlorides with dialkylcadmium, prepared by the reaction of cadmium chloride with Grignard reagent, gives ketones.
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/59.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "marks": 2, "source_number": "13", "original_raw_text": " Explain the preparation of ketones from acyl chlorides. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 14, "question_text": "
Explain the preparation of ketones from nitriles.
", "answer_text": "
Treating a nitrile with Grignard reagent followed by hydrolysis yields a ketone.
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/61.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-3", "marks": 2, "source_number": "14", "original_raw_text": " Explain the preparation of ketones from nitriles. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 15, "question_text": "
Explain the preparation of ketone from benzene or substituted benzenes.
", "answer_text": "
When benzene or substituted benzene is treated with acid chloride in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride, it affords the corresponding ketone. This reaction is known as Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction.
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/63.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "marks": 2, "source_number": "15", "original_raw_text": " Explain the preparation of ketone from benzene or substituted benzenes. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 16, "question_text": "
Discuss the physical properties of aldehydes and ketones in term of their boiling point.
", "answer_text": "
Methanal is gas at room temperature.
\n
Ethanal is a volatile liquid.
\n
Other aldehydes and ketones are liquid or solid at room temperature.
\n
The boiling points of aldehydes and ketones are higher than hydrocarbons and ethers of comparable molecular masses.
\n
It is due to weak molecular association in aldehydes and ketones arising out of the dipole-dipole interaction.
\n
Also, their boiling points are lower than those of alcohols of similar molecular masses due to absence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
\n
Hence, the order of boiling point of the organic compounds with similar molecular masses is: Hydrocarbons < Ether < Aldehyde or Ketone < Alcohol < Carboxylic acid
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-56", "source_number": "16", "marks": 2, "original_raw_text": " Discuss the physical properties of aldehydes and ketones in term of their boiling point. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 17, "question_text": "
Write a note on solubility of aldehydes and ketones.
", "answer_text": "
The lower members of aldehydes and ketones such as methanal, ethanal and propanone are miscible with water in all proportion, because they form hydrogen bond with water.
\n
\"\"
\n
\tHowever, the solubility of aldehydes and ketones decreases rapidly on increasing the length of alkyl chain. All aldehydes and ketones are fairly soluble in organic solvents like benzene, ether, methanol, chloroform, etc. The lower aldehydes have sharp pungent odours.
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/68.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-3", "marks": 2, "source_number": "17", "original_raw_text": " Write a note on solubility of aldehydes and ketones. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 18, "question_text": "
Explain mechanism of nucleophilic addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones with figure.
", "answer_text": "
A nucleophile attacks the electrophilic carbon atom of the polar carbonyl group from a direction approximately perpendicular to the plane of
sp2 hybridised orbitals of carbonyl carbon (Fig.).
\n
The hybridization of carbon changes from
sp2 to sp3 in this process, and a tetrahedral alkoxide intermediate is produced. This intermediate captures a proton from the reaction medium to give the electrically neutral product. The net result is addition of Nu– and H+ across the carbon oxygen double bond as shown in Fig.
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/72.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-58", "marks": 3, "source_number": "18", "original_raw_text": " Explain mechanism of nucleophilic addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones with figure.", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 19, "question_text": "
Discuss the reactivity of aldehydes and ketones towards the nucleophilic addition reaction.
", "answer_text": "
Aldehydes are generally more reactive than ketones in nucleophilic addition reactions due to steric and electronic reasons. Sterically, the presence of two relatively large substituents in ketones hinders the approach of nucleophile to carbonyl carbon than in aldehydes having only one such substituent. Electronically, aldehydes are more reactive than ketones because two alkyl groups reduce the electrophilicity of the carbonyl more effectively than in former.
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-42", "marks": 2, "source_number": "19", "original_raw_text": " Discuss the reactivity of aldehydes and ketones towards the nucleophilic addition reaction.", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 20, "question_text": "
Explain nucleophilic addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones with hydrogen cyanide (HCN).
", "answer_text": "
Aldehydes and ketones react with hydrogen cyanide (HCN) to yield cyanohydrins.
\n
This reaction occurs very slowly with pure HCN.
\n
Therefore, it is catalysed by a base and generated cyanide ion (CN –) being a stonger nucleophile readily adds to carbonyl compounds to yield corresponding cyanohydrin.
\n
Cyanohydrins are useful synthetic intermediates.
\n
\"\"
\n
Examples:
\n
(1)\t\"\"
\n
(2)\t\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/76.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/77.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(1)" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/78.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(2)" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "marks": 3, "source_number": "20", "original_raw_text": " Explain nucleophilic addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones with hydrogen cyanide (HCN).", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 21, "question_text": "
Explain nucleophilic addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones with sodium hydrogensulphite (NaHSO3).
\n
OR
\n
\tExplain the nucleophilic addition reaction which is useful for separation and purification of aldehydes.
", "answer_text": "
Addition of sodium hydrogensulphite: Sodium hydrogensulphite adds to aldehydes and ketones to form the addition products.
\n
(1)\t\"\"
\n
(2)\t\"\"
\n
The position of the equilibrium lies largely to the right hand side for most aldehydes and to the left for most ketones due to steric reasons.
\n
The hydrogensulphite addition compound is water soluble and can be converted back to the original carbonyl compound by treating it with dilute mineral acid or alkali.
\n
Therefore, these are useful for separation and purification of aldehydes.
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/82.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(1)" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/83.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(2)" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "marks": 2, "source_number": "21", "boundary_log": [ "or_alt→stem" ], "original_raw_text": " Explain nucleophilic addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones with sodium hydrogensulphite (NaHSO3). \nOR\n\tExplain the nucleophilic addition reaction which is useful for separation and purification of aldehydes. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 22, "question_text": "
Explain with equations, the nucleophilic addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones with Grignard’s reagent (R’-Mg-X).
\n
OR
\n
\tWrite only equations to obtain 1°, 2° and 3° alcohols from aldehydes and ketones.
", "answer_text": "
Alcohols are produced by the reaction of Grignard reagents with aldehydes and ketones.
\n
The first step of the reaction is the nucleophilic addition of Grignard reagent to the carbonyl group to form an adduct. Hydrolysis of the adduct yields and alcohol.
\n
\"\"
\n
The overall reactions using different aldehydes and ketones are as follows:
\n
\"\"
\n
You will notice that the reaction produces a primary alcohol with methanal, a secondary alcohol with other aldehydes and tertiary alcohol with ketones.
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/86.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/87.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-62", "marks": 4, "source_number": "22", "boundary_log": [ "or_alt→stem" ], "original_raw_text": " Explain with equations, the nucleophilic addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones with Grignard’s reagent (R’-Mg-X).\nOR\n\tWrite only equations to obtain 1°, 2° and 3° alcohols from aldehydes and ketones.", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 23, "question_text": "
Explain with equations, the nucleophilic addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones with alcohols. And also explain that why this reaction is carried out in the presence of dry hydrogen chloride?
", "answer_text": "
\"\"
\n
Addition of alcohols: Aldehydes react with one equivalent of monohydric alcohol in the presence of dry hydrogen chloride to yield alkoxyalcohol intermediate, known as hemiacetals, which further react with one more molecule of alcohol to give a gem-dialkoxy compound known as acetal as shown in the reaction.
\n
Ketones react with ethylene glycol under similar conditions to form cyclic products known as ethylene glycol ketals.
\n
Dry hydrogen chloride protonates the oxygen of the carbonyl compounds and therefore, increases the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon facilitating the nucleophilic attack of ethylene glycol. Acetals and ketals are hydrolysed with aqueous mineral acids to yield corresponding aldehydes and ketones respectively.
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/89.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "marks": 4, "source_number": "23", "original_raw_text": " Explain with equations, the nucleophilic addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones with alcohols. And also explain that why this reaction is carried out in the presence of dry hydrogen chloride?", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 24, "question_text": "
Write detailed note on the addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones with ammonia derivatives .
", "answer_text": "
Addition of ammonia and its derivatives: Nucleophiles, such as ammonia and its  derivatives H2N–Z add to the carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones. The reaction is reversible and catalysed by acid.
\n
The equilibrium favours the product formation due to rapid dehydration of the intermediate to form >C=N–Z.
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Z

\n		\n

Reagent name

\n		\n

Carbonyl derivative

\n		\n

Product name

\n
\n

–H

\n		\n

Ammonia

\n		\n

\"\"

\n		\n

Imine

\n
\n

–R

\n		\n

Amine

\n		\n

\"\"

\n		\n

Substituted imine (Schiff’s base)

\n
\n

–OH

\n		\n

Hydroxylamine

\n		\n

\"\"

\n		\n

Oxime

\n
\n

–NH2

\n		\n

Hydrazine

\n		\n

\"\"

\n		\n

Hydrazone

\n
\n

\"\"

\n		\n

Phenylhydrazine

\n		\n

\"\"

\n		\n

Phenylhydrazone

\n
\n

\"\"

\n		\n

2,4-Dinitrophenyl-

\n

hydrazine

\n		\n

\"\"

\n		\n

2,4 Dinitrophenyl-

\n

hydrazone

\n
\n

\"\"

\n		\n

Semicarbazide

\n		\n

\"\"

\n		\n

Semicarbazone

\n
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "source_number": "24", "original_raw_text": " Write detailed note on the addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones with ammonia derivatives . ", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 25, "question_text": "
Explain with equations, the reaction to obtain alcohols by reduction of aldehydes and ketones.
", "answer_text": "
Aldehydes and ketones are reduced to primary and secondary alcohols respectively by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) or lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH4) as well as by catalytic hydrogenation.
\n
RCHO + H2 \"\" RCH2OH
\n
\"\"
\n
Examples:
\n
\tCH3CHO + H2 \"\" CH3CH2OH
\n
\tEthanal\t\t\t Ethannol
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/103.png", "position": "answer", "context": "RCHO + H 2 RCH 2 OH" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/104.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/103.png", "position": "answer", "context": "CH 3 CHO + H 2 CH 3 CH 2 OH" }, { "id": "img-3", "path": "Chapter8/106.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "marks": 2, "source_number": "25", "original_raw_text": " Explain with equations, the reaction to obtain alcohols by reduction of aldehydes and ketones.", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 26, "question_text": "
Explain with equations, the reactions to obtain hydrocarbons by reduction of aldehydes and ketones.
\n
OR
\n
\tWrite a note on Clemmensen and Wolff-Kishner reduction.
", "answer_text": "
Reduction to hydrocarbons: The carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones is reduced to CH2 group when treated with zinc amalgam and concentrated hydrochloric acid [Clemmensen reduction] or with hydrazine followed by heating with sodium or potassium hydroxide in high boiling solvent such as ethylene glycol (Wolff-Kishner reduction).
\n
\"\"
\n
\"\"
\n
Examples: \"\"
\n
Examples: \"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/109.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/111.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/112.png", "position": "answer", "context": "Examples:" }, { "id": "img-3", "path": "Chapter8/113.png", "position": "answer", "context": "Examples:" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "marks": 2, "source_number": "26", "boundary_log": [ "or_alt→stem" ], "original_raw_text": " Explain with equations, the reactions to obtain hydrocarbons by reduction of aldehydes and ketones.\nOR\n\tWrite a note on Clemmensen and Wolff-Kishner reduction.", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 27, "question_text": "
Explain oxidation of aldehydes and ketones.
", "answer_text": "
Aldehydes differ from ketones in their oxidation reactions. Aldehydes are easily oxidised to carboxylic acids on treatment with common oxidising agents like nitric acid, potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, etc. Even mild oxidising agents, mainly Tollens’ reagent and Fehlings’ reagent also oxidise aldehydes.
\n
R – CHO \"\" R–COOH
\n
Ketones are generally oxidised under vigorous conditions, i.e., strong oxidising agents and at elevated temperatures. Their oxidation involves carbon-carbon bond cleavage to afford a mixture of carboxylic acids having lesser number of carbon atoms than the parent ketone.
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/115.png", "position": "answer", "context": "R – CHO R–COOH" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-73", "marks": 2, "source_number": "27", "original_raw_text": " Explain oxidation of aldehydes and ketones. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 28, "question_text": "
Explain the Tollens’ test to distinguish aldehydes from ketones with equation.
\n
OR
\n
\tWrite a note on silver mirror test.
", "answer_text": "
Tollens’ test: On warming an aldehyde with freshly prepared ammoniacal silver nitrate solution (Tollens’ reagent), a bright silver mirror is produced due to the formation of silver metal. The aldehydes are oxidised to corresponding carboxylate anion. The reaction occurs in alkaline medium.
\n
RCHO + 2[Ag(NH3)2]+ + 3OH– → RCOO– + 2Ag + 2H2O + 4NH3
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-3", "marks": 2, "source_number": "28", "boundary_log": [ "or_alt→stem" ], "original_raw_text": " Explain the Tollens’ test to distinguish aldehydes from ketones with equation.\nOR\n\tWrite a note on silver mirror test. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 29, "question_text": "
Explain the Fehling’s test to distinguish aldehydes from ketones with equation.
", "answer_text": "
Fehling’s test: Fehling reagent comprises of two solutions, Fehling solution A and Fehling solution B. Fehling solution A is aqueous copper sulphate and Fehling solution B is alkaline sodium potassium tartrate (Rochelle salt). These two solutions are mixed in equal amounts before test. On heating an aldehyde with Fehling’s reagent, a reddish brown precipitate is obtained. Aldehydes are oxidised to corresponding carboxylate anion. Aromatic aldehydes do not respond to this test.
\n
R – CHO + 2Cu2+ + 5OH– → RCOO– + Cu2O ↓ + 3H2O Red-brown ppt
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-74", "source_number": "29", "marks": 2, "original_raw_text": " Explain the Fehling’s test to distinguish aldehydes from ketones with equation.", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 30, "question_text": "
Discuss in details the oxidation of methyl ketones by haloform reaction. And also mention that for detection of which type of group this reaction is useful?
", "answer_text": "
Aldehydes and ketones having at least one methyl group linked to the carbonyl carbon atom (methyl ketones) are oxidised by sodium hypohalite to sodium salt of corresponding carboxylic acid having one carbon atom less than that of carbonyl compound.
\n
\"\"
\n
The methyl group is converted to haloform.
\n
This oxidation does not affect a carbon-carbon double bond, if present in the molecule.
\n
\"\"
\n
Iodoform reaction with sodium hypoiodite is also used for detection of CH3CO group or CH3CH(OH) group which produces CH3CO group on oxidation.
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/122.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/123.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "marks": 3, "source_number": "30", "original_raw_text": "Discuss in details the oxidation of methyl ketones by haloform reaction. And also mention that for detection of which type of group this reaction is useful?", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 31, "question_text": "
Explain aldol condensation with suitable example.
\n
OR
\n
\tWrite a short note: Aldol condensation.
", "answer_text": "
Aldol condensation: Aldehydes and ketones having at least one a-hydrogen undergo a reaction in the presence of dilute alkali as catalyst to form b-hydroxy aldehydes (aldol) or b-hydroxy ketones (ketol), respectively. This is known as Aldol reaction.
\n
\"\"
\n
The name aldol is derived from the names of the two functional groups, aldehyde and alcohol, present in the products. The aldol and ketol readily lose water to give a, b-unsaturated carbonyl compounds which are aldol condensation products and the reaction is called Aldol condensation. Though ketones give ketols (compounds containing a keto and alcohol groups), the general name aldol condensation still applies to the reactions of ketones due to their similarity with aldehydes.
", "type": "SN", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/128.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "source_number": "31", "marks": 3, "boundary_log": [ "or_alt→stem" ], "original_raw_text": " Explain aldol condensation with suitable example.\nOR\n\tWrite a short note: Aldol condensation.", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 32, "question_text": "
Explain Cross aldol condensation with suitable example.
\n
OR
\n
\tWrite a short note: Cross aldol condensation.
", "answer_text": "
Cross aldol condensation: “When aldol condensation is carried out between two different aldehydes and / or ketones, it is called cross aldol condensation.” If both of them contain a-hydrogen atoms, it gives a mixture of four products. This is illustrated below by aldol reaction of a mixture of ethanal and propanal.
\n
\"\"
\n
Ketones can also be used as one component in the cross aldol reactions.
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SN", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/130.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/131.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-62", "source_number": "32", "marks": 4, "boundary_log": [ "or_alt→stem" ], "original_raw_text": " Explain Cross aldol condensation with suitable example.\nOR\n\tWrite a short note: Cross aldol condensation. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 33, "question_text": "
Write a note on Cannizzaro reaction.
", "answer_text": "
Cannizzaro reaction: Aldehydes which do not have an a-hydrogen atom, undergo self oxidation and reduction (disproportionation) reaction on treatment with concentrated alkali. In this reaction, one molecule of the aldehyde is reduced to alcohol while another is oxidised to carboxylic acid salt.
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/133.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-42", "marks": 2, "source_number": "33", "original_raw_text": " Write a note on Cannizzaro reaction. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 34, "question_text": "
Explain the electrophilic substitution reaction of benzaldehyde with suitable example.
", "answer_text": "
Electrophilic substitution reaction: Aromatic aldehydes and ketones undergo electrophilic substitution at the ring in which the carbonyl group acts as a deactivating and meta-directing group.
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "marks": 2, "source_number": "34", "original_raw_text": " Explain the electrophilic substitution reaction of benzaldehyde with suitable example. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 35, "question_text": "
Give Uses of aldehydes and ketones
", "answer_text": "
In chemical industry aldehydes and ketones are used as solvents, starting materials and reagents for the synthesis of other products.
\n
Formaldehyde is well known as formalin (40%) solution used to preserve biological specimens and to prepare bakelite (a phenol-formaldehyde resin), urea-formaldehyde glues and other polymeric products.
\n
Acetaldehyde is used primarily as a starting material in the manufacture of acetic acid, ethyl acetate, vinyl acetate, polymers and drugs.
\n
Benzaldehyde is used in perfumery and in dye industries. Acetone and ethyl methyl ketone are common industrial solvents. Many aldehydes and ketones, e.g., butyraldehyde, vanillin, acetophenone, camphor, etc. are well known for their odours and flavours.
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-58", "marks": 3, "source_number": "35", "original_raw_text": " Give Uses of aldehydes and ketones ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 36, "question_text": "
Give examples of the common names of carboxylic acid which are derived from Latin or Greek names of their natural sources.
", "answer_text": "
Following are examples of the common names of carboxylic acid which are derived from Latin or Greek names of their natural sources.
\n
Formic acid (HCOOH) was first obtained from red ants (Latin: formica, means ant).
\n
Acetic acid (CH3COOH) was first synthesized from vinegar (Latin: acetum, means vinegar).
\n
Butyric acid (CH3CH2CH2COOH) was first obtained from rancid butter (Latin: butyrum, means butter)
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-3", "marks": 2, "source_number": "36", "original_raw_text": " Give examples of the common names of carboxylic acid which are derived from Latin or Greek names of their natural sources. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 37, "question_text": "
Write the IUPAC names of the following compounds:
\n
(i)\tCH3CH2COOH
\n
\t(ii)\t(CH3)2CHCOOH
\n
\t(iii)\tHOOC–COOH
\n
\t(iv)\tHOOC–CH2–COOH
\n
\t(v)\tHOOC–(CH2)2–COOH
\n
\t(vi)\tHOOC–(CH2)4–COOH
\n
\t(vii)\tHOOC–(CH2)4–COOH
\n
\t(viii) HOOC–CH2–CH(COOH)–CH2–COOH
\n
\t(ix)\t\"\"
\n
\t(x) \"\"
", "answer_text": "", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/141.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(ix)" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/142.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(x)" } ], "tables": [ { "id": "tbl-1", "rows": 11, "columns": 4, "raw_html": "\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

No.

\n		\n

Structure

\n		\n

IUPAC name

\n		\n

Common name

\n
\n

(i)

\n		\n

CH3CH2COOH

\n		\n

Propanoic acid

\n		\n

Propionic acid

\n
\n

(ii)

\n		\n

(CH3)2CHCOOH

\n		\n

2-Methyl-

\n

propanoic acid

\n		\n

Isobutyric acid

\n
\n

(iii)

\n		\n

HOOC–COOH

\n		\n

Ethanedioic acid

\n		\n

Oxalic acid

\n
\n

(iv)

\n		\n

HOOC–CH2

\n

–COOH

\n		\n

Propanedioic acid

\n		\n

Malonic acid

\n
\n

(v)

\n		\n

HOOC–(CH2)2

\n

– COOH

\n		\n

Butanedioic acid

\n		\n

Succinic acid

\n
\n

(vi)

\n		\n

HOOC–(CH2)3

\n

–COOH

\n		\n

Pentanedioic acid

\n		\n

Glutaric acid

\n
\n

(vii)

\n		\n

HOOC–(CH2)4

\n

–COOH

\n		\n

Hexanedioic acid

\n		\n

Adipic acid

\n
\n

(viii)

\n		\n

HOOC–CH2

\n

–CH(COOH)

\n

–CH2–COOH

\n		\n

Propane-1, 2,

\n

3-tricarboxylic acid

\n		\n

Tricarballylic acid OR

\n

carballylic acid

\n
\n

(ix)

\n		\n

\"\"

\n		\n

Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid

\n		\n

Phthalic acid

\n
\n

(x)

\n		\n

\"\"

\n		\n

2-Phenyl-

\n

ethanoic acid

\n		\n

Phenylacetic acid

\n
", "position": "answer", "context": "No. Structure IUPAC name Common name (i) CH 3 CH 2 COOH Prop…" } ], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "source_number": "37", "marks": 1, "original_raw_text": " Write the IUPAC names of the following compounds:\n (i)\tCH3CH2COOH\n\t(ii)\t(CH3)2CHCOOH\n\t(iii)\tHOOC–COOH\n\t(iv)\tHOOC–CH2–COOH\n\t(v)\tHOOC–(CH2)2–COOH\n\t(vi)\tHOOC–(CH2)4–COOH\n\t(vii)\tHOOC–(CH2)4–COOH\n\t(viii) HOOC–CH2–CH(COOH)–CH2–COOH\n\t(ix)\t\n\t(x) ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 38, "question_text": "
Discuss the structure of carboxyl group.
", "answer_text": "
In carboxylic acids, the bonds to the carboxyl carbon lie in one plane and are separated by about 120°. The carboxylic carbon is less electrophilic than carbonyl carbon because of the possible resonance structure shown below:
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/147.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-84", "marks": 2, "source_number": "38", "original_raw_text": " Discuss the structure of carboxyl group.", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 39, "question_text": "
Explain the preparation of carboxylic acid from primary alcohols.
", "answer_text": "
Primary alcohols are readily oxidised to carboxylic acids with common oxidising agents such as potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in neutral, acidic or alkaline media or by potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and chromium trioxide (CrO3) in acidic media.
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/150.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-58", "marks": 2, "source_number": "39", "original_raw_text": " Explain the preparation of carboxylic acid from primary alcohols.", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 40, "question_text": "
Explain the preparation of carboxylic acid from alkylbenzenes with necessary equations.
", "answer_text": "
Aromatic carboxylic acids can be prepared by vigorous oxidation of alkyl benzenes with chromic acid or acidic or alkaline potassium permanganate. The entire side chain is oxidised to the carboxyl group irrespective of length of the side chain. Primary and secondary alkyl groups are oxidised in this manner while tertiary group is not affected. Suitably substituted alkenes are also oxidised to carboxylic acids with these oxidising reagents.
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/152.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "marks": 2, "source_number": "40", "original_raw_text": " Explain the preparation of carboxylic acid from alkylbenzenes with necessary equations.", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 41, "question_text": "
Explain the preparation of carboxylic acid from nitriles and amides with necessary equations.
", "answer_text": "
Nitriles are hydrolysed to amides and then to acids in the presence of H+ or OH− as catalyst. Mild reaction conditions are used to stop the reaction at the amide stage.
\n
\"\"
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/154.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/155.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-87", "marks": 2, "source_number": "41", "original_raw_text": " Explain the preparation of carboxylic acid from nitriles and amides with necessary equations. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 42, "question_text": "
Explain the preparation of carboxylic acid from Grignard reagents with necessary equations.
", "answer_text": "
Grignard reagents react with carbon dioxide (dry ice) to form salts of carboxylic acids which in turn give corresponding carboxylic acids after acidification with mineral acid.
\n
Ex.:
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "marks": 2, "source_number": "42", "original_raw_text": " Explain the preparation of carboxylic acid from Grignard reagents with necessary equations. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 43, "question_text": "
Explain the preparation of carboxylic acid from acyl halides and anhydrides with necessary equations.
", "answer_text": "
Acid chlorides when hydrolysed with water give carboxylic acids or more readily hydrolysed with aqueous base to give carboxylate ions which on acidification provide corresponding carboxylic acids. Anhydrides on the other hand are hydrolysed to corresponding acid(s) with water.
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/160.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "marks": 2, "source_number": "43", "original_raw_text": " Explain the preparation of carboxylic acid from acyl halides and anhydrides with necessary equations.", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 44, "question_text": "
Explain the preparation of carboxylic acid from esters with necessary equations.
", "answer_text": "
Acidic hydrolysis of esters gives directly carboxylic acids while basic hydrolysis gives carboxylates, which on acidification give corresponding carboxylic acids.
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/162.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "marks": 2, "source_number": "44", "original_raw_text": " Explain the preparation of carboxylic acid from esters with necessary equations. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 45, "question_text": "
Discuss the physical properties of carboxylic acids in terms of their physical state and boiling point.
", "answer_text": "
Aliphatic carboxylic acids upto nine carbon atoms are colourless liquids at room temperature with unpleasant odours.
\n
The higher acids are wax like solids and are practically odourless due to their low volatility.
\n
Carboxylic acids are higher boiling liquids than aldehydes, ketones and even alcohols of comparable molecular masses.
\n
This is due to more extensive association of carboxylic acid molecules through intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The hydrogen bonds are not broken completely even in the vapour phase. In fact, most carboxylic acids exist as dimer in the vapour phase or in the aprotic solvents.
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/166.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-58", "marks": 2, "source_number": "45", "original_raw_text": " Discuss the physical properties of carboxylic acids in terms of their physical state and boiling point. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 46, "question_text": "
Write a note on solubility of carboxylic acids.
", "answer_text": "
Simple aliphatic carboxylic acids having upto four carbon atoms are miscible in water due to the formation of hydrogen bonds with water.
\n
\"\"
\n
The solubility decreases with increasing number of carbon atoms. Higher carboxylic acids are practically insoluble in water due to the increased hydrophobic interaction of hydrocarbon part. Benzoic acid, the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid is nearly insoluble in cold water.
\n
Carboxylic acids are also soluble in less polar organic solvents like benzene, ether, alcohol, chloroform, etc.
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/168.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "marks": 2, "source_number": "46", "original_raw_text": " Write a note on solubility of carboxylic acids.", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 47, "question_text": "
Explain reaction of carboxylic acids with metals and alkalies.
\n
OR
\n
\tWrite the equations for the reactions showing that carboxylic acids are acidic in nature and state the usefulness of this reactions.
", "answer_text": "
The carboxylic acids like alcohols evolve hydrogen with electropositive metals and form salts with alkalies similar to phenols. However, unlike phenols they react with weaker bases such as carbonates and hydrogencarbonates to evolve carbon dioxide. This reaction is used to detect the presence of carboxyl group in an organic compound.
\n
2R–COOH + 2Na → 2R – CO\"\"Na+ + H2
\n
Sodium carboxylate
\n
R–COOH + NaOH → R–CO\"\"Na+ + H2O
\n
R–COOH + NaHCO3 → R–CO\"\"Na+ + H2O + CO2
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/172.png", "position": "answer", "context": "2R–COOH + 2Na → 2R – CO Na + + H 2" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/172.png", "position": "answer", "context": "R–COOH + NaOH → R–CO Na + + H 2 O" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/172.png", "position": "answer", "context": "R–COOH + NaHCO 3 → R–CO Na + + H 2 O + CO 2" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-58", "marks": 2, "source_number": "47", "boundary_log": [ "or_alt→stem" ], "original_raw_text": " Explain reaction of carboxylic acids with metals and alkalies. \nOR\n\tWrite the equations for the reactions showing that carboxylic acids are acidic in nature and state the usefulness of this reactions. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 48, "question_text": "
Give reason: carboxylic acids are more acidic than alcohols and phenols.
\n
OR
\n
\tAlthough phenoxide ion has more number of resonating structures than carboxylate ion, carboxylic acid is a stronger acid than phenol. Why?
", "answer_text": "
Carboxylic acids dissociate in water to give resonance stabilised carboxylate anions and hydronium ion.
\n
\"\"
\n
Phenols dissociate in water to give resonance stabilized phenoxide anions and hydronium ion.
\n
\"\"
\n
The conjugate base of carboxylic acid, a carboxylate ion, is stabilised by two equivalent resonance structures in which the negative charge is at the more electronegative oxygen atom.
\n
The conjugate base of phenol, a phenoxide ion, has non-equivalent resonance structures in which the negative charge is at the less electronegative carbon atom.
\n
Therefore, resonance in phenoxide ion is not as important as it is in carboxylate ion. Further, the negative charge is delocalised over two electronegative oxygen atoms in carboxylate ion whereas it is less effectively delocalised over one oxygen atom and less electronegative carbon atoms in phenoxide ion.
\n
Thus, the carboxylate ion is more stabilised than phenoxide ion, so carboxylic acids are more acidic than phenols.
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/176.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/177.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-3", "source_number": "48", "marks": 3, "boundary_log": [ "or_alt→stem" ], "original_raw_text": " Give reason: carboxylic acids are more acidic than alcohols and phenols.\nOR\n\tAlthough phenoxide ion has more number of resonating structures than carboxylate ion, carboxylic acid is a stronger acid than phenol. Why?", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 49, "question_text": "
Explain the effect of substituents on the acidity of carboxylic acids.
", "answer_text": "
Substituents may affect the stability of the conjugate base and thus, also affect the acidity of the carboxylic acids. Electron withdrawing groups increase the acidity of carboxylic acids by stabilising the conjugate base through delocalisation of the negative charge by inductive and/or resonance effects. Conversely, electron donating groups decrease the acidity by destabilising the conjugate base.
\n
\"\"
\n
The effect of the following groups in increasing acidity order is
\n
Ph < I < Br < Cl < F < CN < NO2 < CF3.
\n
Thus, the following acids are arranged in order of decreasing acidity (based on pKa values):
\n
CF3COOH > CCl3COOH > CHCl2COOH > NO2CH2COOH > NC–CH2COOH >
\n
FCH2COOH > ClCH2COOH > BrCH2COOH > HCOOH > ClCH2CH2COOH >
\n
\t[Continue]
\n
C6H5COOH > C6H5CH2COOH > CH3COOH > CH3CH2COOH
\n
\t[Continue]
\n
Direct attachment of groups such as phenyl or vinyl to the carboxylic acid, increases the acidity of corresponding carboxylic acid, contrary to the decrease expected due to resonance effect shown below:
\n
\"\"
\n
This is because of greater electronegativity of sp2 hybridised carbon to which carboxyl carbon is attached. The presence of electron withdrawing group on the phenyl of aromatic carboxylic acid increases their acidity while electron donating groups decrease their acidity.
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/179.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/183.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/184.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "marks": 4, "source_number": "49", "original_raw_text": " Explain the effect of substituents on the acidity of carboxylic acids.", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 50, "question_text": "
Explain with chemical reactions, the formation of anhydrides and esters from carboxylic acids.
", "answer_text": "
Carboxylic acids on heating with mineral acids such as H2SO4 or with P2O5 give corresponding anhydride.
\n
\"\"
\n
Carboxylic acids are esterified with alcohols or phenols in the presence of a mineral acid such as concentrated H2SO4 or HCl gas as a catalyst.
\n
RCOOH + R′OH \"\" RCOOR′ + H2O
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/186.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/187.png", "position": "answer", "context": "RCOOH + R ′ OH RCOOR ′ + H 2 O" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-3", "marks": 3, "source_number": "50", "original_raw_text": " Explain with chemical reactions, the formation of anhydrides and esters from carboxylic acids. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 51, "question_text": "
Explain with chemical reactions, the formation of acyl chlorides from carboxylic acids.
\n
OR
\n
\tWrite a note on reaction of carboxylic acids with PCl3, PCl5 and SOCl2.
", "answer_text": "
The hydroxyl group of carboxylic acids, behaves like that of alcohols and is easily replaced by chlorine atom on treating with PCl5, PCl3 or SOCl2. Thionyl chloride (SOCl2) is preferred because the other two products are gaseous and escape the reaction mixture making the purification of the products easier.
\n
RCOOH + PCl5 → RCOCl + POCl3 + HCl
\n
3RCOOH + PCl3 → 3RCOCl + H3PO3
\n
RCOOH + SOCl2 → RCOCl + SO2 + HCl
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-62", "marks": 2, "source_number": "51", "boundary_log": [ "or_alt→stem" ], "original_raw_text": " Explain with chemical reactions, the formation of acyl chlorides from carboxylic acids.\nOR\n\tWrite a note on reaction of carboxylic acids with PCl3, PCl5 and SOCl2.", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 52, "question_text": "
Explain with chemical reactions, the reaction of carboxylic acids with ammonia.
", "answer_text": "
Carboxylic acids react with ammonia to give ammonium salt which on further heating at high temperature give amides. For example:
\n
\"\"
\n
\"\"
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/191.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/192.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/193.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "marks": 3, "source_number": "52", "original_raw_text": " Explain with chemical reactions, the reaction of carboxylic acids with ammonia.", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 53, "question_text": "
Explain reduction reaction of carboxylic acids.
", "answer_text": "
Carboxylic acids are reduced to primary alcohols by lithium aluminium hydride or better with diborane. Diborane does not easily reduce functional groups such as ester, nitro, halo, etc. Sodium borohydride does not reduce the carboxyl group.
\n
R–COOH \"\" R–CH2OH
\n
\te.g.:
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/195.png", "position": "answer", "context": "R–COOH R–CH 2 OH" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/196.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "marks": 2, "source_number": "53", "original_raw_text": " Explain reduction reaction of carboxylic acids. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 54, "question_text": "
Explain decarboxylation reaction of carboxylic acids.
", "answer_text": "
Carboxylic acids lose carbon dioxide to form hydrocarbons when their sodium salts are heated with sodalime (NaOH and CaO in the ratio of 3: 1). The reaction is known as decarboxylation.
\n
R–COONa \"\" R–H + Na2CO3
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/198.png", "position": "answer", "context": "R–COONa R–H + Na 2 CO 3" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/199.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-42", "marks": 2, "source_number": "54", "original_raw_text": " Explain decarboxylation reaction of carboxylic acids.", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 55, "question_text": "
Explain Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction of carboxylic acids.
", "answer_text": "
Carboxylic acids having an a-hydrogen are halogenated at the a-position on treatment with chlorine or bromine in the presence of small amount of red phosphorus to give a-halocarboxylic acids. The reaction is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction.
\n
R–CH2–COOH \"\"
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/201.png", "position": "answer", "context": "R–CH 2 –COOH" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/202.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "marks": 2, "source_number": "55", "original_raw_text": " Explain Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction of carboxylic acids.", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2", "needs_review": true, "needs_layout_review": true, "layout_review_reason": "item body has 3 'Assertion :' lines — an Assertion-Reason run merged into one item; split per number" } }, { "sequence_no": 56, "question_text": "
Explain electrophilic substitution (ring substitution) reactions of aromatic carboxylic acid. Why aromatic carboxylic acids do not undergo Friedel-crafts reaction?
", "answer_text": "
Aromatic carboxylic acids undergo electrophilic substitution reactions in which the carboxyl group acts as a deactivating and meta-directing group. They however, do not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction (because the carboxyl group is deactivating and the catalyst aluminium chloride (Lewis acid) gets bonded to the carboxyl group).
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/204.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "marks": 2, "source_number": "56", "original_raw_text": " Explain electrophilic substitution (ring substitution) reactions of aromatic carboxylic acid. Why aromatic carboxylic acids do not undergo Friedel-crafts reaction?", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 57, "question_text": "
Complete the following reaction.
\n
\t(i) C6H5 COOH + SOCl2 →
\n
\t(ii) \"\"
\n
\t(iii) CH3CH2COOH + NH3 \"\"
", "answer_text": "
(i) C6H5 COCl + SO2 + HCl
\n
\t(ii) \"\"
\n
(iii) CH3 CH2 CONH2
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/206.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(ii)" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/207.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(iii) CH 3 CH 2 COOH + NH 3" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/208.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(ii)" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-28", "marks": 3, "source_number": "57", "original_raw_text": " Complete the following reaction.\n\t(i) C6H5 COOH + SOCl2 →\n\t(ii) \n\t(iii) CH3CH2COOH + NH3 ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 58, "question_text": "
Write chemical reactions to affect the following transformations.
\n
\t(i)\tButanal to butanoic acid
\n
\t(ii)\tAcetone to propane
\n
\t(iii)\tBenzaldehyde to m-nitro benzaldehyde
", "answer_text": "
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/212.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-42", "marks": 3, "source_number": "58", "original_raw_text": " Write chemical reactions to affect the following transformations.\n\t(i)\tButanal to butanoic acid\n\t(ii)\tAcetone to propane\n\t(iii)\tBenzaldehyde to m-nitro benzaldehyde", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 59, "question_text": "
Write reactions to obtain acetic acid from ethanenitrile, acetyl chloride and ethyl ethonoate.
", "answer_text": "
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/215.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-108", "marks": 3, "source_number": "59", "original_raw_text": " Write reactions to obtain acetic acid from ethanenitrile, acetyl chloride and ethyl ethonoate. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 60, "question_text": "
State the reaction equation to prepared benzoic acid from the following compounds.
(i) Ethyl benzene (ii) Benzoic anhydride
(iii) Benzamide
", "answer_text": "
(i) Ethyl benzene
\n
(ii) Benzoic anhydride
\n
\"\"
\n
(iii) Benzamide
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/219.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/220.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-110", "marks": 3, "source_number": "60", "original_raw_text": " State the reaction equation to prepared benzoic acid from the following compounds.(i) Ethyl benzene (ii) Benzoic anhydride(iii) Benzamide ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } }, { "sequence_no": 61, "question_text": "
An organic compound with the molecular formula C8H8O forms 2, 4 - DNP derivative, reduce Tollen's reagent and undergoes cannizzaro reaction. On vigorous oxidation it gives 1, 4 benzene di-carboxylic acid. Identify the compound and write the equation for the reactions involved.
", "answer_text": "
Organic compound is \"\"
\n
(i) \"\"
\n
(ii)\t\"\"
\n
(iii)\t\"\"
\n
(iv)\t\"\"
\n
Class 12 Chemistry (Part 2) 012
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/222.png", "position": "answer", "context": "Ans. Organic compound is" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/223.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(i)" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/224.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(ii)" }, { "id": "img-3", "path": "Chapter8/225.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(iii)" }, { "id": "img-4", "path": "Chapter8/226.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(iv)" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-112", "marks": 4, "source_number": "61", "original_raw_text": " An organic compound with the molecular formula C8H8O forms 2, 4 - DNP derivative, reduce Tollen's reagent and undergoes cannizzaro reaction. On vigorous oxidation it gives 1, 4 benzene di-carboxylic acid. Identify the compound and write the equation for the reactions involved. ", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "Topic-wise Q & A", "section_id": "3.2" } } ] }, { "section_id": "", "section_title": "NCERT Intext Questions and Answers", "heading_text": "NCERT Intext Questions and Answers", "detected_type": "SUB", "match_confidence": 0.542, "questions": [ { "sequence_no": 62, "question_text": "
Write the structures of the following compounds.
\n
\t(i) a-Methoxypropionaldehyde
\n
\t(ii) 3-Hydroxybutanal
\n
\t(iii) 2-Hydroxycyclopentane carbaldehyde
\n
\t(iv) 4-Oxopentanal
\n
\t(v) Di-sec. butyl ketone
\n
\t(vi) 4-Fluoroacetophenone
", "answer_text": "
(i)\t\"\"
\n
\t(ii)\t\"\"
\n
\t(iii)\t\"\"
\n
\t(iv)\t\"\"
\n
\t(v)\t\"\"
\n
\t(vi)\t\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/228.png", "position": "answer", "context": "Ans. (i)" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/229.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(ii)" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/230.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(iii)" }, { "id": "img-3", "path": "Chapter8/231.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(iv)" }, { "id": "img-4", "path": "Chapter8/232.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(v)" }, { "id": "img-5", "path": "Chapter8/233.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(vi)" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-3", "marks": 1, "source_number": "1", "original_raw_text": " Write the structures of the following compounds.\n\t(i) a-Methoxypropionaldehyde\n\t(ii) 3-Hydroxybutanal\n\t(iii) 2-Hydroxycyclopentane carbaldehyde\n\t(iv) 4-Oxopentanal\n\t(v) Di-sec. butyl ketone\n\t(vi) 4-Fluoroacetophenone", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Intext Questions and Answers", "section_id": "" } }, { "sequence_no": 63, "question_text": "
Write the structures of products of the following reactions.
\n
\t(i)\t\"\"
\n
\t(ii)\t(C6H5CH2)2 Cd + 2 CH3COCl →
\n
\t(iii)\tH3C – C ≡ C – H \"\"
\n
\t(iv)\t\"\"
", "answer_text": "
(i) \"\"(ii) \"\"
\n
\t(iii) \"\"\t(iv) \"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/235.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(i)" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/236.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(iii) H 3 C – C ≡ C – H" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/237.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(iv)" }, { "id": "img-3", "path": "Chapter8/238.png", "position": "answer", "context": "Ans. (i) ( ii)" }, { "id": "img-4", "path": "Chapter8/239.png", "position": "answer", "context": "Ans. (i) ( ii)" }, { "id": "img-5", "path": "Chapter8/240.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(iii) (iv)" }, { "id": "img-6", "path": "Chapter8/241.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(iii) (iv)" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-15", "source_number": "2", "original_raw_text": " Write the structures of products of the following reactions.\n\t(i)\t \n\t(ii)\t(C6H5CH2)2 Cd + 2 CH3COCl →\n\t(iii)\tH3C – C ≡ C – H \n\t(iv)\t ", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Intext Questions and Answers", "section_id": "" } }, { "sequence_no": 64, "question_text": "
Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their boiling points.
\n
CH3CHO, CH3CH2OH, CH3OCH3, CH3CH2CH3
", "answer_text": "
Increasing order of boiling point: CH3CH2CH3 < CH3–O–CH3 < CH3CHO < CH3CH2OH
\n
All these given compounds possess similar molecular masses. Since only ethanol molecules are associated due to extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonding, therefore, the boiling point of ethanol would be the highest. CH3CHO is more polar than CH3-O-CH3. Therefore, the intermolecular dipole-dipole attraction is stronger in the former. Propane molecules have only weak van der Waals forces. Hence increasing order of boiling points of the given compounds is as follows: CH3CH2CH3
< CH3-O-CH3 < CH3CHO < CH3CH2OH
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-3", "source_number": "3", "original_raw_text": " Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their boiling points.\n CH3CHO, CH3CH2OH, CH3OCH3, CH3CH2CH3", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Intext Questions and Answers", "section_id": "" } }, { "sequence_no": 65, "question_text": "
Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their reactivity in nucleophilic addition reactions.
\n
(i)\tEthanal, Propanal, Propanone, Butanone
\n
(ii)\tBenzaldehyde, p-Tolualdehyde, \tp-Nitrobenzaldehyde, Acetophenone.
", "answer_text": "
(i)\tButanone < Propanone < Propanal < Ethanal
\n
(ii)\tAcetophenone < p-Tolualdehyde < Benzaldehyde < p-Nitrobenzaldehyde
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-58", "source_number": "4", "marks": 1, "original_raw_text": " Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their reactivity in nucleophilic addition reactions. \n (i)\tEthanal, Propanal, Propanone, Butanone\n (ii)\tBenzaldehyde, p-Tolualdehyde, \tp-Nitrobenzaldehyde, Acetophenone.", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Intext Questions and Answers", "section_id": "" } }, { "sequence_no": 66, "question_text": "
Predict the products of the following reactions :
\n
(i)\t\"\"
\n
(ii)\t\"\"
\n
\t(iii)\t
\n
\t(iv)\t\"\"
", "answer_text": "
(i)\t\"\" (ii) \"\"
\n
(iii) \"\"
\n
(iv) \"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/245.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(i)" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/246.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(ii)" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/248.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(iv)" }, { "id": "img-3", "path": "Chapter8/249.png", "position": "answer", "context": "Ans. (i) (ii)" }, { "id": "img-4", "path": "Chapter8/250.png", "position": "answer", "context": "Ans. (i) (ii)" }, { "id": "img-5", "path": "Chapter8/251.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(iii)" }, { "id": "img-6", "path": "Chapter8/252.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(iv)" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-62", "marks": 1, "source_number": "5", "original_raw_text": " Predict the products of the following reactions : \n (i)\t\n (ii)\t\n\t(iii)\t\n\t(iv)\t", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Intext Questions and Answers", "section_id": "" } }, { "sequence_no": 67, "question_text": "
Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:
\n
(i)\tPh CH2CH2COOH
\n
(ii)\t(CH3)2 C = CHCOOH
\n
(iii)\t\"\"
\n
(iv)\t\"\"
", "answer_text": "
(i)\t3-Phenylpropanoic acid
\n
(ii) 3-Methylbut-2-enoic acid
\n
(iii)\t2-Methylcyclopentanecarboxylic acid.\t\t(iv) 2, 4, 6-Trinitrobenzoic acid
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/254.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(iii)" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/255.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(iv)" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-137", "source_number": "6", "original_raw_text": " Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds: \n (i)\tPh CH2CH2COOH\n (ii)\t(CH3)2 C = CHCOOH\n (iii)\t\n (iv)\t ", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Intext Questions and Answers", "section_id": "" } }, { "sequence_no": 68, "question_text": "
Show how each of the following compounds can be converted to benzoic acid:
\n
(i) Ethylbenzene\t(ii) Acetophenone\t(iii) Bromobenzene\t(iv) Phenylethene (Styrene)
", "answer_text": "
(i)\t\"\"
\n
(ii) \"\"
\n
(iii) \"\"
\n
(iv) \"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/257.png", "position": "answer", "context": "Ans. (i)" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/258.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(ii)" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/259.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(iii)" }, { "id": "img-3", "path": "Chapter8/260.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(iv)" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-56", "source_number": "7", "original_raw_text": " Show how each of the following compounds can be converted to benzoic acid:\n (i) Ethylbenzene\t(ii) Acetophenone\t(iii) Bromobenzene\t(iv) Phenylethene (Styrene)", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Intext Questions and Answers", "section_id": "" } }, { "sequence_no": 69, "question_text": "
\tWhich acid of each pair shown here would you expect to be stronger?
\n
(i) CH3CO2H or CH2FCO2H (ii) CH2FCO2H or CH2ClCO2H
\n
(iii) CH2FCH2CH2CO2H or CH3CHFCH2CO2H\t(iv)
", "answer_text": "
(i)\tCH2FCO2H\t(ii) CH2FCOOH (iii) CH3CHFCH2COOH (iv) F3C \"\" COOH
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/263.png", "position": "answer", "context": "Ans. (i)\tCH 2 FCO 2 H\t(ii) CH 2 FCOOH (iii) CH 3 CHFCH 2 COO…" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Normal idf6158e609-ParaOverride-143", "source_number": "8", "original_raw_text": "\tWhich acid of each pair shown here would you expect to be stronger? \n (i) CH3CO2H or CH2FCO2H (ii) CH2FCO2H or CH2ClCO2H\n (iii) CH2FCH2CH2CO2H or CH3CHFCH2CO2H\t(iv) ", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Intext Questions and Answers", "section_id": "" } } ] }, { "section_id": "3.5", "section_title": "NCERT Textbook Exercise Q & A", "heading_text": "NCERT Textbook Exercise Questions And Answers", "detected_type": "SUB", "match_confidence": 0.75, "questions": [ { "sequence_no": 70, "question_text": "
What is meant by the following terms? Give an example of the reaction in each case.
\n
(i)\tCyanohydrin\t(ii)\tAcetal
\n
\t(iii)\tSemicarbazone\t(iv)\tAldol\t
\n
\t(v)\tHemiacetal\t(vi)\tOxime
\n
\t(vii)\tKetal\t(viii)\tImine\t
\n
\t(ix)\t2,4-DNP-derivative\t(x)\tSchiff’s base
", "answer_text": "
(i) Cyanohydrin: gem-Hydroxynitrile compounds in which cyanide and hydroxyl groups are attached with the same carbon atom are called cyanohydrins. These are prepared by addition of HCN to aldehydes or ketones in a basic medium.
\n
\"\"
\n
(ii)\tAcetal: gem-Dialkoxy compounds in which the two alkoxy groups are present on the same carbon atom are called acetals. These are prepared by the reaction of aldehyde with two equivalents monohydric alcohol in presence of dry HCl gas.
\n
\"\"
\n
When dihydric alcohol is used cyclic acetal is formed
\n
\"\"
\n
(iii)\tSemicarbazone: Semicarbazone comes from aldehydes and ketones, which is formed by the condensation reaction between a ketone or aldehyde and semicarbazide.
\n
\"\"
\n
(iv)\tAldol: An aldol is a β-hydroxy aldehyde or ketone. It is produced in the presence of a base by the condensation reaction of two molecules of the same or a single molecule, each of two different aldehydes or ketones.
\n
\"\"
\n
(v)\tHemiacetal: gem-alkoxyalcohol compounds are called hemiacetals. These are prepared by the reaction of aldehyde with one equivalent monohydric alcohol in presence of dry HCl gas.
\n
\"\"
\n
(vi)\tOxime: Oximes are produced when aldehydes and ketones react with hydroxyl amine in acidic medium.
\n
(vii)\tKetal: Ketals are produced when a ketone is heated with dihydric alcohols like ethylene glycol in presence of dry HCl.
\n
\"\"
\n
(viii)\tImine: The chemical compounds which have double bond between carbon-nitrogen are called Imines. These are prepared by the reaction of aldehydes or ketones with ammonia derivatives.
\n
\"\" = \"\" N –– Z \"\" \"\" = N –– Z + H2O
\n
\t\tZ = alkyl, aryl, –NH2, –OH, –NHC6H5, – NHCONH2, etc.
\n
(ix)\t2, 4-DNP-derivative: 2,4-Dinitrophenyl hydrazine are produced when aldehydes or ketones react with 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine in weak acidic medium.
\n
\t(2, 4-DNP derivatives are used for identification and characterisation of aldehydes and ketones.)
\n
(x)\tSchiff’s base: Aldehydes and ketones in the presence of a residue of acid on treatment with primary aliphatic or aromatic amines yield a base of a Schiff.
\n
e.g.,\t
\n
CH3CH = NCH2CH3 + H2O
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/265.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/266.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/267.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-3", "path": "Chapter8/268.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-4", "path": "Chapter8/269.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-5", "path": "Chapter8/271.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-6", "path": "Chapter8/273.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-7", "path": "Chapter8/274.png", "position": "answer", "context": "= N –– Z = N –– Z + H 2 O" }, { "id": "img-8", "path": "Chapter8/275.png", "position": "answer", "context": "= N –– Z = N –– Z + H 2 O" }, { "id": "img-9", "path": "Chapter8/276.png", "position": "answer", "context": "= N –– Z = N –– Z + H 2 O" }, { "id": "img-10", "path": "Chapter8/277.png", "position": "answer", "context": "= N –– Z = N –– Z + H 2 O" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-58", "source_number": "1", "original_raw_text": " What is meant by the following terms? Give an example of the reaction in each case. \n (i)\tCyanohydrin\t(ii)\tAcetal\n\t(iii)\tSemicarbazone\t(iv)\tAldol\t\n\t(v)\tHemiacetal\t(vi)\tOxime\n\t(vii)\tKetal\t(viii)\tImine\t\n\t(ix)\t2,4-DNP-derivative\t(x)\tSchiff’s base ", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Textbook Exercise Q & A", "section_id": "3.5" } }, { "sequence_no": 71, "question_text": "
Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature.
\n
(i)\tCH3CH (CH3) CH2CH2CHO
\n
\t(ii)\tCH3CH2COCH(C2H5)CH2CH2CI
\n
\t(iii)\tCH3CH = CHCHO
\n
\t(iv)\tCH3COCH2COCH3
\n
\t(v)\tCH3CH(CH3)CH2C(CH3)2COCH3
\n
\t(vi)\t(CH3)3CCH2COOH
\n
\t(vii)\tOHCC6H4CHO-p
", "answer_text": "
\t(i)\t4-Methylpentanal
\n
\t(ii)\t\t6-Chloro-4-ethylhexan-3-one
\n
\t(iii)\t\tBut-2-enal
\n
\t(iv)\t\tPentan-2, 4-dione
\n
\t(v)\t\t3,3,5-Trimethylhexan-2-one
\n
\t(vi)\t\t3,3-Dimethylbutanoic acid
\n
\t(vii)\t\tBenzene-1,4-dicarbaldehyde
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-42", "source_number": "2", "original_raw_text": " Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature.\n (i)\tCH3CH (CH3) CH2CH2CHO\n\t(ii)\tCH3CH2COCH(C2H5)CH2CH2CI\n\t(iii)\tCH3CH = CHCHO\n\t(iv)\tCH3COCH2COCH3\n\t(v)\tCH3CH(CH3)CH2C(CH3)2COCH3\n\t(vi)\t(CH3)3CCH2COOH\n\t(vii)\tOHCC6H4CHO-p", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Textbook Exercise Q & A", "section_id": "3.5" } }, { "sequence_no": 72, "question_text": "
Draw the structures of the following compounds.
\n
\t(i) 3-Methylbutanal
\n
\t(ii) p-Nitropropiophenone
\n
\t(iii) p-Methylbenzaldehyde
\n
\t(iv) 4-Methylpent-3-en-2-one
\n
\t(v) 4-Chloropentan-2-one
\n
\t(vi) 3-Bromo-4-phenylpentanoic acid
\n
\t(vii) p, p’-Dihydroxybenzophenone
\n
\t(viii) Hex-2-en-4-ynoic acid
", "answer_text": "
(i)\t3-Methylbutanal:
\n
\"\"
\n
(ii)\tp–Nitropropiophenone:
\n
\"\"
\n
\t(iii)\tp-Methylbenzaldehyde:
\n
\"\"
\n
\t(iv)\t4-Methylpent-3-en-2-one:
\n
\"\"
\n
\t(v)\t4-Chloropentan-2-one:
\n
\"\"
\n
\t(vi)\t3-Bromo-4-phenylpentanoic acid:
\n
\"\"
\n
\t(vii)\tp, p’-Dihydroxybenzophenone
\n
\"\"
\n
(viii)\tHex-2-en-4-ynoic acid:
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/283.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/284.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/285.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-3", "path": "Chapter8/286.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-4", "path": "Chapter8/287.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-5", "path": "Chapter8/288.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-6", "path": "Chapter8/289.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-7", "path": "Chapter8/290.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-3", "source_number": "3", "original_raw_text": " Draw the structures of the following compounds. \n \t(i) 3-Methylbutanal\n\t(ii) p-Nitropropiophenone\n\t(iii) p-Methylbenzaldehyde\n\t(iv) 4-Methylpent-3-en-2-one\n\t(v) 4-Chloropentan-2-one\n\t(vi) 3-Bromo-4-phenylpentanoic acid\n\t(vii) p, p’-Dihydroxybenzophenone\n\t(viii) Hex-2-en-4-ynoic acid", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Textbook Exercise Q & A", "section_id": "3.5" } }, { "sequence_no": 73, "question_text": "
Write the IUPAC names of the following ketones and aldehydes. Wherever possible, give also common names.
\n
\t(i) CH3CO(CH2)4CH3
\n
\t(ii) CH3CH2CHBrCH2CH(CH3)CHO
\n
\t(iii) CH3(CH2)5CHO
\n
\t(iv) Ph-CH=CH-CHO
\n
\t(v) \"\"
\n
\t(vi) PhCOPh
", "answer_text": "", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/291.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(v)" } ], "tables": [ { "id": "tbl-1", "rows": 7, "columns": 4, "raw_html": "\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

No.

\n		\n

Structure

\n		\n

IUPAC

\n

name

\n		\n

Common name

\n
\n

(i)

\n		\n

CH3CO(CH2)4CH3

\n		\n

Heptan-2-one

\n		\n

–

\n
\n

(ii)

\n		\n

CH3CH2CHBrCH2

\n

CH(CH3)CHO

\n		\n

4-Bromo-2-

\n

methylhexanal

\n		\n

γ-Bromo

\n

a-methyl

\n

capro aldehyde

\n
\n

(iii)

\n		\n

CH3(CH2)5CHO

\n		\n

Heptanal

\n		\n

–

\n
\n

(iv)

\n		\n

Ph-CH=CH-CHO

\n		\n

3-Phenylprop-

\n

2-enal

\n		\n

b-Phenyl

\n

acrolein

\n
\n

(v)

\n		\n

\n		\n

Cyclopentane-

\n

carbaldehyde

\n		\n

–

\n
\n

(vi)

\n		\n

PhCOPh

\n		\n

Diphenyl-

\n

methanone

\n		\n

Benzophenone

\n
", "position": "answer", "context": "No. Structure IUPAC name Common name (i) CH 3 CO(CH 2 ) 4 CH…" } ], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "source_number": "4", "original_raw_text": " Write the IUPAC names of the following ketones and aldehydes. Wherever possible, give also common names.\n\t(i) CH3CO(CH2)4CH3\n\t(ii) CH3CH2CHBrCH2CH(CH3)CHO\n\t(iii) CH3(CH2)5CHO\n\t(iv) Ph-CH=CH-CHO\n\t(v) \n\t(vi) PhCOPh", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Textbook Exercise Q & A", "section_id": "3.5" } }, { "sequence_no": 74, "question_text": "
Draw structures of the following derivatives.
\n
(i)\tThe 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of benzaldehyde
\n
\t(ii)\tCyclopropanone oxime
\n
\t(iii)\tAcetaldehyde dimethyl acetal
\n
\t(iv)\tThe semicarbazone of cyclobutanone
\n
\t(v)\tThe ethylene ketal of hexan-3-one
\n
\t(vi)\tThe methyl hemiacetal of formaldehyde
", "answer_text": "
(i)\t\"\"
\n
\t(ii)\t\"\"
\n
\t(iii)\t\"\"
\n
\t(iv)\t\"\"
\n
\t(v)\t\"\"\t\t(vi)\t\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/295.png", "position": "answer", "context": "Ans. (i)" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/296.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(ii)" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/297.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(iii)" }, { "id": "img-3", "path": "Chapter8/298.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(iv)" }, { "id": "img-4", "path": "Chapter8/299.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(v) (vi)" }, { "id": "img-5", "path": "Chapter8/300.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(v) (vi)" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "source_number": "5", "original_raw_text": " Draw structures of the following derivatives.\n (i)\tThe 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of benzaldehyde\n\t(ii)\tCyclopropanone oxime\n\t(iii)\tAcetaldehyde dimethyl acetal\n\t(iv)\tThe semicarbazone of cyclobutanone\n\t(v)\tThe ethylene ketal of hexan-3-one\n\t(vi)\tThe methyl hemiacetal of formaldehyde", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Textbook Exercise Q & A", "section_id": "3.5" } }, { "sequence_no": 75, "question_text": "
Predict the products formed when cyclohexane-carbaldehyde reacts with following reagents.
\n
(i)\tPhMgBr and then H3O+
\n
\t(ii)\tTollens’ reagent
\n
\t(iii)\tSemicarbazide and weak acid\t
\n
\t(iv) Excess ethanol and acid
\n
\t(v) Zinc amalgam and dilute hydrochloric
acid
\n
[Topic 8.4] [1 Mark Each]
", "answer_text": "
(i)\tReaction of cyclohexanecarbaldehyde with PhMgBr and then H3O+:
\n
\"\"
\n
(ii) Reaction of cyclohexane carbaldehyde with Tollen's reagent:
\n
\"\"
\n
(iii)\tReaction of cyclohexane carbaldehyde with semicarbazine and weak acid:
\n
\"\"
\n
(iv) Reaction of cyclohexane carbaldehyde with excess ethanol and Acid:
\n
\"\"
\n
(v)\tReaction of cyclohexane carbaldehyde with zinc amalgam and dil. HCl
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/304.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/305.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/306.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-3", "path": "Chapter8/307.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-165", "source_number": "6", "marks": 1, "boundary_log": [ "pre-marker→stem" ], "original_raw_text": " Predict the products formed when cyclohexane-carbaldehyde reacts with following reagents.\n (i)\tPhMgBr and then H3O+ \n\t(ii)\tTollens’ reagent \n\t(iii)\tSemicarbazide and weak acid\t\n\t(iv) Excess ethanol and acid\n\t(v) Zinc amalgam and dilute hydrochloricacid \n[Topic 8.4] [1 Mark Each]", "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Textbook Exercise Q & A", "section_id": "3.5" } }, { "sequence_no": 76, "question_text": "
Which of the following compound undergoes to aldol condensation? Which compound give reaction with Cannizzaro process and which compound can not give reactions? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction.
\n
(i)\tMethanal
\n
\t(ii)\t2-Methylpentanal
\n
\t(iii)\tBenzaldehyde
\n
\t(iv)\tBenzophenone
\n
\t(v)\tCyclohexanone
\n
\t(vi)\t1-Phenylpropanone
\n
\t(vii)\tPhenylacetaldehyde
\n
\t(viii)\tButan-1-ol
\n
\t(ix)\t2,2-Dimethylbutanal
", "answer_text": "
2-methylpentanal, cyclohexanone, 1-phenyl-propanone and phenylacetaldehyde contains one or more α-hydrogen and hence undergo aldol condensation. The reactions and the structures of the expected products are given below:
\n
(i)\tMethanal
\n
(ii) 2-Methylpentanal
\n
\"\"
\n
(iii)\tBenzaldehyde
\n
\"\"
\n
(v) Cyclohexanone
\n
(vi) 1-Phenylpropanone
\n
(vii)\tPhenylacetaldehyde
\n
\"\"
\n
Methanal, benzaldehyde and 2,2-dimethylbutanal do not contain a-hydrogen and hence undergo Canizzaro reaction. The reactions and the structures of the expected products are given below:

(ix)\t2,2-dimethylbutanal

\"\"

\n
Benzophenone (iv) is a ketone having no α-hydrogen while butan-1-ol (viii) is an alcohol. Both of these neither undergo aldol condensation nor cannizzaro reaction.
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/311.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/312.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/315.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-3", "path": "Chapter8/316.png", "position": "answer", "context": "Methanal, benzaldehyde and 2,2-dimethylbutanal do not contai…" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "source_number": "7", "original_raw_text": " Which of the following compound undergoes to aldol condensation? Which compound give reaction with Cannizzaro process and which compound can not give reactions? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction. \n (i)\tMethanal\n\t(ii)\t2-Methylpentanal\n\t(iii)\tBenzaldehyde\n\t(iv)\tBenzophenone\n\t(v)\tCyclohexanone\n\t(vi)\t1-Phenylpropanone\n\t(vii)\tPhenylacetaldehyde\n\t(viii)\tButan-1-ol\n\t(ix)\t2,2-Dimethylbutanal", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Textbook Exercise Q & A", "section_id": "3.5" } }, { "sequence_no": 77, "question_text": "
How will you convert ethanal into the following compounds?
\n
(i)\tButane-1,3-diol
\n
\t(ii)\tBut-2-enal
\n
\t(iii)\tBut-2-enoic acid
", "answer_text": "
(i)\tButane-1,3-diol
\n
\"\"
\n
(ii)\tBut-2-enal
\n
\"\"
\n
(iii)\tBut-2-enoic acid
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/319.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/320.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/321.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "source_number": "8", "original_raw_text": " How will you convert ethanal into the following compounds?\n (i)\tButane-1,3-diol\n\t(ii)\tBut-2-enal \n\t(iii)\tBut-2-enoic acid", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Textbook Exercise Q & A", "section_id": "3.5" } }, { "sequence_no": 78, "question_text": "
Write structural formulas and names of four possible aldol condensation products from propanal and butanal. In each case, indicate which aldehyde acts as nucleophile and which act as electrophile.
", "answer_text": "
(a)\tPropanal acts as both nucleophile as well as electrophile.
\n
\"\"
\n
(b)\tPropanal as electrophile and butanal as nucleopile.
\n
\"\"
\n
(c)\tButanal as electrophile and propanal as nucleophile.
\n
\"\"
\n
(d)\tButanal acts as both nucleophile as well as an electrophile.
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/323.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/324.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/325.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-3", "path": "Chapter8/326.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "source_number": "9", "original_raw_text": " Write structural formulas and names of four possible aldol condensation products from propanal and butanal. In each case, indicate which aldehyde acts as nucleophile and which act as electrophile. ", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Textbook Exercise Q & A", "section_id": "3.5", "needs_review": true, "needs_optsplit_review": true, "optsplit_review_reason": "answer body is an option list (A/B/C/D) — options mis-routed into the answer; they belong to the question" } }, { "sequence_no": 79, "question_text": "
An organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O forms 2, 4-DNP derivative, reduces Tollens’ reagent and undergoes Cannizzaro reaction. On vigorous oxidation, it gives 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid. Identify the compound.
", "answer_text": "
The compound having molecular formula C9H10O forms 2, 4-DNP derivative and reduces Tollen’s reagent.
\n
Therefore, the given compound must be an aldehyde.
\n
Again, the compound gives 1, 2 benzene dicarboxylic acids and undergoes Cannizzaro reaction followed by oxidation.
\n
Therefore, the −CHO group is directly attached to a benzene ring and this benzaldehyde is ortho-substituted.
\n
Hence, the compound is found to be 2-ethylbenzaldehyde.
\n
The given reactions can be explained by the following equations.
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/328.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "source_number": "10", "original_raw_text": " An organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O forms 2, 4-DNP derivative, reduces Tollens’ reagent and undergoes Cannizzaro reaction. On vigorous oxidation, it gives 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid. Identify the compound. ", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Textbook Exercise Q & A", "section_id": "3.5" } }, { "sequence_no": 80, "question_text": "
An organic compound (A) (molecular formula C8H16O2) was hydrolysed with dilute sulphuric acid to give a carboxylic acid (B) and an alcohol (C). Oxidation of (C) with chromic acid produced (B).
(C) on dehydration gives but-1-ene. Write equations for the reactions involved.
", "answer_text": "
A is an organic compound with a molecular formula C8H16O2. This gives a carboxylic acid (B) and alcohol (C) on hydrolysis with dilute sulphuric acid. Thus, compound (A) must be an ester.
\n
Further, oxidation of alcohol (C) with chromic acid gives acid (B). Thus, (B) and (C) must contain an equal number of carbon atoms.
\n
A total of 8 carbon atoms are present in compound (A), each of (B) and (C) contain 4 carbon atoms.
\n
Again, alcohol (C) gives but-1-ene on dehydration. Therefore, (C) is of straight-chain and hence, it is butan-1-ol.
\n
On oxidation, Butan-1-ol gives butanoic acid. Hence, acid (B) is butanoic acid.
\n
Hence, the ester with molecular formula C8H16O2 is butyl butanoate.
\n
All the given reactions can be explained by the following equations.
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/330.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-3", "source_number": "11", "original_raw_text": " An organic compound (A) (molecular formula C8H16O2) was hydrolysed with dilute sulphuric acid to give a carboxylic acid (B) and an alcohol (C). Oxidation of (C) with chromic acid produced (B). (C) on dehydration gives but-1-ene. Write equations for the reactions involved. ", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Textbook Exercise Q & A", "section_id": "3.5" } }, { "sequence_no": 81, "question_text": "
Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated :
\n
(i) Acetaldehyde, Acetone, Di-tert-butyl ketone, Methyl tert-butyl ketone (reactivity towards HCN)
\n
(ii)\tCH3CH2CH(Br)COOH, CH3CH(Br) CH2COOH,
\n
(CH3)2CHCOOH, CH3CH2CH2COOH
(acid strength)
\n
(iii)\tBenzoic acid, 4-Nitrobenzoic acid, 3,4-Dinitrobenzoic acid, 4-Methoxybenzoic acid (acid strength)
", "answer_text": "
(i)\tWhen HCN reacts with a compound, the attacking species is a nucleophile, CN–. Therefore, the reactivity with HCN decreases, when the negative charge on the compound increases. The +I effect increases in the given compound. Steric hindrance also increases in the same. Hence, the given compounds can be arranged according to their increasing reactivities toward HCN as:
\n
Di-tert-butyl ketone < Methyl tert-butyl ketone < Acetone < Acetaldehyde
\n
(ii) The stability of the carboxyl ion increases by any group that helps to stabilize the negative charge, will increase the strength of the acid. Thus, groups having −I effect will increase the strength of the acids and groups having +I effect will decrease the strength of the acids. In the given compounds, Br− group has −I effect and −CH3 group has +I effect. Thus, acids containing Br− are stronger.
\n
Now, the +I effect of isopropyl group is more than that of n-propyl group. Hence,
\n
CH3CH2CH2COOH is a stronger acid than (CH3)2CHCOOH.
\n
Also, as the distance increases, +I effect grows weaker. Hence, CH3CH2CH(Br)COOH is a stronger acid than CH3CH(Br)CH2COOH.
\n
Hence, the strengths of the given acids increase as:
\n
(CH3)2CHCOOH < CH3CH2CH2COOH < CH3CH(Br)CH2COOH < CH3CH2CH(Br) COOH
\n
(iii)\tThe strength of acid is decreased by the electron donating group, while the strengths of acid increases by electron-withdrawing groups. As methoxy group is an electron-donating group, benzoic acid is a stronger acid than 4-methoxybenzoic acid. Nitro group is an electron-withdrawing group and will increase the strengths of acid.
As 3,4-dinitrobenzoic acid contains two nitro groups, it is a slightly stronger acid than 4-nitrobenzoic acid. Hence, the strength of the given acids increases as:
\n
4-Methoxybenzoic acid < Benzoic acid < 4-Nitrobenzoic acid < 3, 4-Dinitrobenzoic acid
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-175", "source_number": "12", "original_raw_text": " Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated :\n(i) Acetaldehyde, Acetone, Di-tert-butyl ketone, Methyl tert-butyl ketone (reactivity towards HCN)\n(ii)\tCH3CH2CH(Br)COOH, CH3CH(Br) CH2COOH, \n (CH3)2CHCOOH, CH3CH2CH2COOH(acid strength)\n(iii)\tBenzoic acid, 4-Nitrobenzoic acid, 3,4-Dinitrobenzoic acid, 4-Methoxybenzoic acid (acid strength)", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Textbook Exercise Q & A", "section_id": "3.5" } }, { "sequence_no": 82, "question_text": "
Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.
\n
(i)\tPropanal and Propanone
\n
(ii)\tAcetophenone and Benzophenone
\n
(iii)\tPhenol and Benzoic acid
\n
(iv)\tBenzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate
\n
(v)\tPentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one
\n
(vi)\tBenzaldehyde and Acetophenone
\n
(vii)\tEthanal and Propanal
", "answer_text": "
(i) Propanal and Propanone: Propanal and Propanone can be distinguish by iodoform test. At least one methyl group should be present in aldehydes and ketones linked to the carbonyl carbon atom to respond to iodoform test. They are oxidized by sodium hypoiodite (NaOI) to give iodoforms. Propanone being a methyl ketone responds to this test, but propanal does not.
\n
\t\tCH3COCH3 + 3NaOI → CHI3↓ + CH3COONa + 2NaOH
\n
\t\t \t \t Iodoform (Yellow ppts.)
\n
(ii) Acetophenone and Benzophenone:
\n
\tAcetophenone and Benzophenone can be distinguish by Iodoform test.\t\tC6H5COCH3 + 3NaOI → CHI3↓ + C6H5COONa + 2NaOH
\n
Iodoform
\n
\tCH3CH2CHO + NaOl → X (No reaction)
\n
\t\t \t\t (Yellow ppts.)
\n
C6H5COC6H5 + 3NaOI → No yellow ppts.
\n
(iii) Phenol and Benzoic acid: Phenol and benzoic acid can be distinguished by ferric chloride test.
\n
Ferric chloride test: Phenol reacts with neutral FeCl3 to form an iron-phenol complex giving violet coloration.
\n
\t6C6H5OH + FeCl3 → [Fe(OC6H5)]3– + 3H+ + 3Cl
\n
\t\t\t\t\t\t Phenol\t Iron-phenol complex\t\t\t\t(violet coloration)
\n
\tA buff coloured ppt of ferric benzoate is produced when benzoic acid reacts with neutral FeCl3.

\t3C6H5OH + FeCl3 → (C6H5COO)3Fe + 3HCl

\n
\t\t\t\t Benzoic acid\t\tFerric benzoate (Buff coloured ppt)
\n
(iv)\tBenzoic acid and Ethylbenzoate: Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate can be distinguished by sodium bicarbonate test.
\n
Sodium bicarbonate test: Brisk effervescence is produced when acids react with NaHCO3 due to the evolution of CO2 gas.
\n
\tBenzoic acid being an acid respond to this test, but ethylbenzoate does not.
\n
C6H5COOH + NaHCO3 → C6H5COONa + H2O + CO2 ↑ + H2O
\n
\t\tBenzoic acid\t\tSodium benzoate
\n
C6H5COOC2H5 + NaHCO3 → No effervescence due to evolution of CO2 gas
\n
(v) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one: Pentan-2-one and pentan-3-one can be distinguished by iodoform test.
\n
Iodoform test: Pentan-2-one responds to this test as it is a methyl ketone. But pentan-3-one not being a methyl ketone does not respond to this test. \"\"
\n
\"\"
\n
(vi) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone: Benzaldehyde and acetophenone can be distinguished by
Iodoform Test.
\n
Iodoform Test: A yellow precipitate of iodoform is given by acetophenone (a methyl ketone) when it undergoes oxidation by sodium hypoiodite (NaOI). But benzaldehyde does not respond to this test.
\n
(vii) Ethanal and Propanal: Ethanal and propanal can be distinguished by iodoform test.
\n
Iodoform test: Carbonyl carbon atom having at least one methyl group in aldehydes and ketones responds to the iodoform test. Also, Ethanal having one methyl group linked to the carbonyl carbon atom responds to this test. But, there are no methyl group linked to the carbonyl carbon atom in propanal and thus, it does not respond to this state.
\n
CH3CHO + 3NaOI →
\n
HCOONa + CHI3 + 2NaOH
\n
\tCH3CH2CHO + NaOl → X
\n
\tEthanal Sodium\tIodoform
\n
\tmethanoate\t(yellow ppt)
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/335.png", "position": "answer", "context": "Iodoform test: Pentan-2-one responds to this test as it is a…" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/336.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "source_number": "13", "original_raw_text": " Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds. \n (i)\tPropanal and Propanone\n (ii)\tAcetophenone and Benzophenone\n (iii)\tPhenol and Benzoic acid\n (iv)\tBenzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate\n (v)\tPentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one\n (vi)\tBenzaldehyde and Acetophenone\n (vii)\tEthanal and Propanal", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Textbook Exercise Q & A", "section_id": "3.5" } }, { "sequence_no": 83, "question_text": "
How will you prepare the following compounds from benzene? You may use any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one carbon atom:
\n
(i)\tMethyl benzoate\t(ii)\tm-Nitrobenzoic acid\t(iii)\tp-Nitrobenzoic acid
\n
(iv)\tPhenylacetic acid\t(v)\tp-Nitrobenzaldehyde.
", "answer_text": "
(i) \"\"
\n
\t(ii) \"\"
\n
\t(iii) \"\"
\n
\t(iv) \"\"
\n
\t(v) \"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/339.png", "position": "answer", "context": "Ans. (i)" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/340.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(ii)" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/341.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(iii)" }, { "id": "img-3", "path": "Chapter8/342.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(iv)" }, { "id": "img-4", "path": "Chapter8/343.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(v)" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "source_number": "14", "original_raw_text": " How will you prepare the following compounds from benzene? You may use any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one carbon atom: \n (i)\tMethyl benzoate\t(ii)\tm-Nitrobenzoic acid\t(iii)\tp-Nitrobenzoic acid\n (iv)\tPhenylacetic acid\t(v)\tp-Nitrobenzaldehyde.", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Textbook Exercise Q & A", "section_id": "3.5" } }, { "sequence_no": 84, "question_text": "
How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps?
\n
\t(i)\tPropanone to Propene\t(ii) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde
\n
\t(iii)\tEthanol to 3-Hydroxybutanal\t(iv) Benzene to m-Nitroacetophenone
\n
\t(v)\tBenzaldehyde to Benzophenone\t(vi) Bromobenzene to l-Phenylethanol
\n
\t(vii)\tBenzaldehyde to 3-Phenylpropan-1-ol\t(viii) Benazaldehyde to a-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
\n
\t(ix)\tBenzoic acid to m-Nitrobenzyl alcohol
", "answer_text": "
(i) Propanone to propene:
\n
(ii) Benzoic acid to benzaldehyde:
\n
\"\"
\n
(iii)\tEthanol to 3-hydroxy butanal:
\n
(iv) Benzene to m-nitroacetophenone:
\n
(v) Benzaldehyde to benzophenone:
\n
(vi)\tBromobenzene to 1-phenylethanol:
\n
(vii) Benzaldehyde to 3-phenylpropan-1-ol:
\n
(viii) Benzaldehyde to a-hydroxyphenylacetic acid:
\n
(ix) Benzoic acid to m-nitrobenzyl alcohol:
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/346.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/353.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "source_number": "15", "original_raw_text": " How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps? \n\t(i)\tPropanone to Propene\t(ii) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde\n\t(iii)\tEthanol to 3-Hydroxybutanal\t(iv) Benzene to m-Nitroacetophenone\n\t(v)\tBenzaldehyde to Benzophenone\t(vi) Bromobenzene to l-Phenylethanol\n\t(vii)\tBenzaldehyde to 3-Phenylpropan-1-ol\t(viii) Benazaldehyde to a-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid\n\t(ix)\tBenzoic acid to m-Nitrobenzyl alcohol ", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Textbook Exercise Q & A", "section_id": "3.5", "needs_review": true, "needs_layout_review": true, "layout_review_reason": "item body has 2 'Assertion :' lines — an Assertion-Reason run merged into one item; split per number" } }, { "sequence_no": 85, "question_text": "
Describe the following:
\n
(i)\tAcetylation\t(ii) Cannizzaro reaction\t(iii) Cross aldol condensation\t(iv) Decarboxylation
", "answer_text": "
(i) Acetylation: When an organic compound is introduced with an acetyl functional group, it is known as acetylation. Bases such as pyridine, dimethylaniline, etc. are present when this process is carried out. An acetyl group is substituted with an active hydrogen atom in this process. Acetylating agents such as acetyl chloride and acetic anhydride are commonly used in the process.
\n
\t\tFor example, acetylation of ethanol produces ethyl acetate.
\n
CH3CH2OH + CH3COCl \"\" CH3COOCH2CH3 + HCl
\n
\t\tEthanol\t Acetyl Chloride\t Ethyl acetate
\n
\t(ii) Cannizzaro reaction: Aldehydes which do not have an a-hydrogen atom, undergo self oxidation and reduction (disproportionation) reaction on treatment with concentrated alkali. In this reaction, one molecule of the aldehyde is reduced to alcohol while another is oxidised to carboxylic acid salt.
\n
\"\"
\n
\t(iii) Cross aldol condensation: When aldol condensation is carried out between two different aldehydes
and / or ketones, it is called cross aldol condensation. If both of them contain a-hydrogen atoms, it gives a mixture of four products.
\n
\"\"
\n
\t(iv) Decarboxylation: The reaction in which carboxylic acids lose carbon dioxide to form hydrocarbons when their sodium salts are heated with soda-lime is called decarboxylation. When aqueous solutions of alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids are electrolyzed also results in decarboxylation. This electrolytic process is known as Kolbe’s electrolysis.
\n
R–COONa \"\" R–H + Na2CO3
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/355.png", "position": "answer", "context": "CH 3 CH 2 OH + CH 3 COCl CH 3 COOCH 2 CH 3 + HCl" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/356.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/357.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-3", "path": "Chapter8/358.png", "position": "answer", "context": "R–COONa R–H + Na 2 CO 3" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "source_number": "16", "original_raw_text": " Describe the following: \n (i)\tAcetylation\t(ii) Cannizzaro reaction\t(iii) Cross aldol condensation\t(iv) Decarboxylation", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Textbook Exercise Q & A", "section_id": "3.5", "needs_review": true, "needs_layout_review": true, "layout_review_reason": "item body has 2 'Assertion :' lines — an Assertion-Reason run merged into one item; split per number" } }, { "sequence_no": 86, "question_text": "
Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products.
\n
(i)\t\"\"
\n
(ii)\t\"\"
\n
(iii)\t\"\"
\n
(iv)\t\"\"
\n
(v)\t\"\"
\n
(vi)\t\"\"
\n
(vii)\t\"\"
\n
(viii)\t\"\"
\n
(ix)\t\"\"
\n
(x)\t\"\"
\n
(xi)\t\"\"
", "answer_text": "
(i)\t\"\"
\n
(ii) \"\"
\n
(iii)\tC6H5CHO \"\"
\n
C6H5CH = NNHCONH2 + H2O
\n
(iv)\t\"\"
\n
(v)\t\"\"
\n
(vi)\t\"\"
\n
(vii)\"\"
\n
(viii)\t\"\"
\n
(ix)\t
\n
(x)
\n
(xi)\t\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/359.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(i)" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/360.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(ii)" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/361.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(iii)" }, { "id": "img-3", "path": "Chapter8/362.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(iv)" }, { "id": "img-4", "path": "Chapter8/363.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(v)" }, { "id": "img-5", "path": "Chapter8/364.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(vi)" }, { "id": "img-6", "path": "Chapter8/365.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(vii)" }, { "id": "img-7", "path": "Chapter8/366.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(viii)" }, { "id": "img-8", "path": "Chapter8/367.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(ix)" }, { "id": "img-9", "path": "Chapter8/368.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(x)" }, { "id": "img-10", "path": "Chapter8/369.png", "position": "stem", "context": "(xi)" }, { "id": "img-11", "path": "Chapter8/371.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(i)" }, { "id": "img-12", "path": "Chapter8/372.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(ii)" }, { "id": "img-13", "path": "Chapter8/373.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(iii)\tC 6 H 5 CHO" }, { "id": "img-14", "path": "Chapter8/374.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(iv)" }, { "id": "img-15", "path": "Chapter8/375.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(v)" }, { "id": "img-16", "path": "Chapter8/376.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(vi)" }, { "id": "img-17", "path": "Chapter8/377.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(vii)" }, { "id": "img-18", "path": "Chapter8/378.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(viii)" }, { "id": "img-19", "path": "Chapter8/381.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(xi)" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-62", "source_number": "17", "original_raw_text": " Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products. \n (i)\t\n (ii)\t\n (iii)\t\n (iv)\t\n (v)\t\n (vi)\t\n (vii)\t\n (viii)\t\n (ix)\t\n (x)\t\n (xi)\t", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Textbook Exercise Q & A", "section_id": "3.5" } }, { "sequence_no": 87, "question_text": "
Give plausible explanation for each of the following:
\n
(i)\tCyclohexanone forms cyanohydrin in
good yield but 2,2,6-trimethyl cyclo hexanone does not.
\n
(ii)\tThere are two –NH2 groups in semicarbazide. However, only one is involved in the formation of semicarbazones
\n
(iii)\tDuring the preparation of esters from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst, the water or the ester should be removed as soon as it is formed.
", "answer_text": "
(i)\tCyanohydrins are formed by cyclohexanones according to the following equation.
\n
\"\"
\n
\tIn this case, there will not be any steric hindrance, hence the nucleophile CN– can easily attack. However, in the case of 2, 2, 6-trimethylcyclohexanone, methyl groups at α-positions offer steric hindrances and as a result, CN− cannot attack effectively.
\n
\"\"
\n
(ii)\tSemicarbazide undergoes resonance involving only one of the two −NH2 groups, which is attached directly to the carbonyl-carbon atom.
\n
\"\"
\n
\tTherefore, the electron density on −NH2 group involved in the resonance also decreases. As a result, it cannot act as a nucleophile. Since the other −NH2 group is not involved in resonance; it can act as a nucleophile and can attack carbonyl-carbon atoms of aldehydes and ketones to produce semicarbazones.
\n
(iii)\tEster along with water is formed reversibly from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in presence of an acid.
\n
RCOOH + R’OH \"\" RCOOR’ + H2O
\n
\tCarboxylic acid Alcohol\tEster\t Water
\n
\tIf either water or ester is not removed as soon as it is formed, then it reacts to give back the reactants as the reaction is reversible. Therefore, to shift the equilibrium in the forward direction i.e., to produce more ester, either of the two should be removed.
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/383.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/384.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/385.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-3", "path": "Chapter8/386.png", "position": "answer", "context": "RCOOH + R’OH RCOOR’ + H 2 O" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "source_number": "18", "original_raw_text": " Give plausible explanation for each of the following: \n (i)\tCyclohexanone forms cyanohydrin ingood yield but 2,2,6-trimethyl cyclo hexanone does not.\n (ii)\tThere are two –NH2 groups in semicarbazide. However, only one is involved in the formation of semicarbazones\n (iii)\tDuring the preparation of esters from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst, the water or the ester should be removed as soon as it is formed. ", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Textbook Exercise Q & A", "section_id": "3.5" } }, { "sequence_no": 88, "question_text": "
An organic compound contains 69.77% carbon, 11.63% hydrogen and rest oxygen. The molecular mass of the compound is 86. It does not reduce Tollens’ reagent but forms an addition compound with sodium hydrogensulphite and give positive iodoform test. On vigorous oxidation it gives ethanoic and propanoic acid. Write the possible structure of the compound.
", "answer_text": "
% of carbon\t= 69.77 %
\n
\t% of hydrogen\t= 11.63 %
\n
\t% of oxygen\t= [100 − (69.77 + 11.63)] %
\n
\t\t\t= 18.6 %
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Element

\n		\n

Atomic mass (gm⁄mol)

\n		\n

Percentage

\n

(%)

\n		\n

Atomic ratio = \"\"

\n		\n

Simple

\n

ratio

\n		\n

NO.

\n

of atoms

\n
\n

C

\n		\n

12

\n		\n

69.77

\n		\n

\"\" = 5.81

\n		\n

\"\" = 5.0

\n		\n

5

\n
\n

H

\n		\n

1

\n		\n

11.63

\n		\n

\"\" = 11.63

\n		\n

\"\" = 10.0

\n		\n

10

\n
\n

O

\n		\n

16

\n		\n

18.6

\n		\n

\"\" = 1.16

\n		\n

\"\" = 1.0

\n		\n

1

\n
\n
Therefore, the empirical formula of the compound is C5H10O. Now, the empirical formula mass of the compound can be given as:
\n
\t= 5 × 12 + 10 × 1 + 1 × 16
\n
\t= 86 gm/mol
\n
Molecular mass of the compound = 86 gm/mol
\n
Therefore, the molecular formula of the compound is given by C5H10O.
\n
Tollen’s reagent is not reduced by the given compound, hence it is not an aldehyde.
\n
A positive iodoform test is given by the compound and also forms sodium hydrogen sulphate addition products. Since the compound is not an aldehyde, it must be a methyl ketone.
\n
The given compound also gives a mixture of ethanoic acid and propanoic acid.
\n
Hence, the given compound is pentan−2−one.
\n
\"\"
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/389.png", "position": "answer", "context": "" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest", "source_number": "19", "original_raw_text": " An organic compound contains 69.77% carbon, 11.63% hydrogen and rest oxygen. The molecular mass of the compound is 86. It does not reduce Tollens’ reagent but forms an addition compound with sodium hydrogensulphite and give positive iodoform test. On vigorous oxidation it gives ethanoic and propanoic acid. Write the possible structure of the compound.", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Textbook Exercise Q & A", "section_id": "3.5" } }, { "sequence_no": 89, "question_text": "
Give reason: carboxylic acids are more acidic than alcohols and phenols.
\n
OR
\n
\tAlthough phenoxide ion has more number of resonating structures than carboxylate ion, carboxylic acid is a stronger acid than phenol. Why?
", "answer_text": "
Refer Que. no. 48 Page no. 181
\n
Class 12 Chemistry (Part 2) 013
", "type": "SUB", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Quest idf6158e609-ParaOverride-3", "source_number": "20", "boundary_log": [ "or_alt→stem" ], "original_raw_text": " Give reason: carboxylic acids are more acidic than alcohols and phenols.\nOR\n\tAlthough phenoxide ion has more number of resonating structures than carboxylate ion, carboxylic acid is a stronger acid than phenol. Why?", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Textbook Exercise Q & A", "section_id": "3.5" } } ] }, { "section_id": "3.7", "section_title": "Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)", "heading_text": "Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)", "detected_type": "MCQ", "match_confidence": 1.0, "questions": [ { "sequence_no": 90, "question_text": "
\"\" →
\n
\"\"
\n
10.\tWhich of the following compounds will give butanone on oxidation with alkaline KMnO4 solution?
\n
11.\tIn Clemmensen reduction, carbonyl compounds is treated with:
\n
12.\tCompounds A and C in the following reactions are?
\n
CH3CHO \"\" (A) \"\" \"\" (C) \"\"
\n
1.\tThe carbonyl compounds in which carbon of carbonyl group is bonded to carbon of alkyl group and oxygen of alkoxy group are known as _______.
\n
2.\tIn which of the following functional groups there are two sp2 hybridized carbon atoms?
\n
3.\tWhich type of organic compound camphor is?
\n
4.\tThe general molecular formula of aldehydes and ketones is _______ .
\n
5.\tThe general molecular formula of carboxylic acids and esters is _______ .
\n
6.\tThe number of σ and π bonds in acrolein are?
\n
7.\tThe ratio of σ and π bonds in mesityl oxide is _______ .
\n
8.\tThe number of sp2 hybridised carbon in 3-oxopentanal is?
\n
9.\tThe vanillin obtain from the vanilla beans does not contain which of the following group?
\n
10.\tWhich compound is responsible for the pleasant fragrance of cinnamon?
\n
11.\tWhich compound is used in paint and perfumes?
\n
12.\tIUPAC name of the acrolein is?
\n
13.\tThe oxidation number of carbonyl carbon in benzophenone is _______.
\n
14.\tAll the three uniplanar σ-bond of carbonyl group are lying at _______ angle.
\n
15.\tThe carbonyl carbon of carbonyl group is _______ centre.
\n
16.\tAn IUPAC name of \"\" is ______.
\n
17.\tCommon name of \"\" is _____.
\n
18.\tCommon name of \"\"
is _______.
\n
19.\tAn IUPAC name of phthaldehyde is _______.
\n
20.\tThe structure of valeraldehyde is:
\n
21.\tPropanal and propanone are _______isomers.
\n
22.\tThe carbonyl carbon is _______ hybridised in compounds possessing carbonyl group.
\n
23.\tThe products obtained on ozonolysis of 2-methylbut-2-ene followed by hydrolysis with water in presence of zinc dust is:
\n
24.\tWhich catalyst is used in Rosenmund reduction?
\n
25.\tThe name of DIBAL-H is _______.
\n
26.\t4-Methylbenzaldehyde is obtained on a reaction of toluene with carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride in presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride. Such reaction is known as _______.
\n
27.\tWhich of the given compound of molecular formula C5H10 will give acetone on ozonolysis?
\n
28.\tOxidation of which of the alcohol gives ketone?
\n
29.\tWhat product will be obtained on hydrolysis of an additive product of ethyl cyanide and methyl magnesium bromide?
\n
30.\tThe final product obtained on a reaction between ethanenitrile and ethyl magnesium bromide is?
\n
31.\tOne mole of symmetrical alkene on ozonolysis gives two moles of an aldehyde of molar mass 44 u, then the alkene is?
\n
32.\tPhC ≡ CMe \"\" _______
\n
33.\tWhich reagent is used to enter the formyl group in benzene ring?
\n
34.\tCH3CH2 – C ≡ N \"\" CH3CH2 – CHO
\n
Identify ‘X’ in the given reaction.
\n
35.\t\"\"
\n
Organic product(P) of the reaction is?
\n
36.\tWhich compound is required to convert Grignard reagent in to aldehyde?
\n
37.\t\"\"
\n
In this reaction X = ______.
\n
38.\t
\n
for the given reaction which among the following is correct for ‘X’?
\n
39.\tWhich of the following order of boiling point is correct?
\n
40.\tWhich of the following ascending order of boiling point is correct?
\n
41.\tIn which of the given reaction the number of carbon atoms of product molecule increases as compared to reactant molecule?
\n
42.\tWith which of the given compound cannizzaro reaction does not take place?
\n
43.\tWhich of the following is most reactive towards nucleophilic addition reaction?
\n
44.\tThe products obtained on oxidation of pentan-2-one with conc. HNO3 are:
\n
45.\t\"\"
\n
Schiff’s base, then Z = ______.
\n
46.\tIn Cannizzaro reaction the product obtained on reduction of formaldehyde is ______ .
\n
47.\tWhich of the given compound does not give aldol condensation reaction?
\n
48.\tGem-dialkoxy alkane compound is known by which other name?
\n
49.\tWith which of the given compound the reaction of ketone in presence of dry HCl is not possible?
\n
50.\tWhich of the given compound does not show reactivity towards the mixture of copper sulphate and Rochelle salt?
\n
51.\tWhich compound does not give iodoform test?
\n
52.\tWhich compound is reactive towards Fehling’s test?
\n
53.\tA \"\" B \"\" C \"\" Butan-1-ol.
\n
Identify compound A in this reaction.
\n
54.\tThe product which does not obtained on cross aldol condensation of propanal and ethanal is:
\n
\t(D)2,3-Dimethylpent-2-enal
\n
55.\tWhat is an IUPAC name of the major product obtained on cross aldol condensation reaction of formaldehyde and acetophenone?
\n
56.\tWhich reagent is used for separation of acetaldehyde from acetophenone?
\n
57.\tA carbonyl compound gives cyanohydrine on a reaction with hydrogen cyanide, which on hydrolysis gives racemic mixture of α-hydroxy carboxylic acid. Then the carbonyl compound would be?
\n
58.\tThe product obtained on aldol condensation is:
\n
59.\tThe reduction of aldehyde and ketone to hydrocarbon by using zinc amalgam and conc. HCl is known as _______ .
\n
60.\tAn organic compound (A) having molecular formula C5H10O yields phenylhydrazone and gives negative response to the Tollens’ and Iodoform tests. it produces n-pentane on reduction. The compound (A) could be:
\n
61.\tWhich compound will give Cannizzaro reaction?
\n
62.\tThe oxidation of which compound is not possible?
\n
63.\tWhich compound will give Iodoform test?
\n
64.\t______ is obtained on reduction of ketone.
\n
65.\tWhich compound will not give silver mirror test?
\n
66.\tThe major product ‘y’ of the following reaction is?
\n
\"\" \"\"x \"\" y
\n
67.\tAcetyl bromide reacts with excess of CH3MgI followed by treatment with saturated solution of NH4Cl gives:
\n
68.\tWhich compound will give aldol condensation?
\n
69.\tBy which reaction methanol and formic acid can be prepared from formaldehyde?
\n
70.\tMethyl ketone group is identified by:
\n
71.\tOn a reaction with concentrated alkali which compound does not give alcohol and salt of carboxylic acid?
\n
72.\tWhen acetophenone is treated with hydrazine followed by heating with sodium hydroxide in presence of ethylene glycol then the end product formed is _______ .
\n
73.\tOn arranging in increasing order of boiling points of the following compounds, the compound which comes at second position is _______.
\n
74.\tThe correct reactivity order for the addition reaction with HCN of the following compound is:
\n
I : CH3CHO, II : CH3COCH3, III : C6H5COCH3,
IV : HCHO
\n
75.\tWhich of the given reagent does not react with acetone and benzaldehyde?
\n
76.\tCH3COCH3 \"\"X + H2O + N2
\n
here X = _______.
\n
77.\tWhich reagent is used in Clemmesen reduction?
\n
78.\tGrignard reagent forms _______ on reaction with acetone.
\n
79.\tWhich one of the following oxidises easily and gives carboxylic acid with same number of carbon atoms?
\n
80.\tThe oxidation of ketone with strong oxidising agent gives mixture of carboxylic acid by cleavage of _______ bond.
\n
81.\tTollens’ reagent can be reduced by which aldehyde?
\n
82.\tWhich aldehyde will give red precipitate with Fehling’s solution?
\n
83. Which of the following compound does not give aldol condensation reaction?
\n
84.\tWith which of the following aldol condensation reaction does not take place?
\n
85.\tThe final product obtained on Cannizzaro reaction of benzaldehyde is ______ ?
\n
86.\tDue to which reason \"\" shows Cannizzaro reaction?
\n
87.\tButanone and pentan-3-one can differentiate by this reagent.
\n
88.\tBy which reagent butan-2-one can be convert in to propanoic acid?
\n
89.\t\"\" Y, the final
\n
\torganic product ‘Y’ of the reaction is?
\n
90.\t\"\",
\n
here X = _______.
\n
91.\tThe correct increasing order of reactivity of the compounds HCHO, CH3CHO and CH3COCH3 is?
\n
92.\tThe correct increasing order of reactivity of the compounds C6H5COCH3, C6H5COC6H5 and C6H5CHO is?
\n
93.\t\"\"
\n
this reaction is:
\n
94.\tThe solubility of aromatic aldehydes and ketones is _______ than that of correspondent aliphatic aldehydes and ketones.
\n
95.\tWhat change in odour of aldehydes is observed with increase in its molar mass?
\n
96.\tWhich compound is used to preserve biological specimens?
\n
97.\tWhich compound is used to prepare glues?
\n
98.\tWhich compound is used to produce Bakelite resin and other polymeric products?
\n
99.\tFormalin is ______% aqueous solution of formaldehyde.
\n
100.\t_______ is used in preparation of liquid nail polish and nail polish remover.
\n
101.\tHow many methylene groups are there in adipic acid?
\n
102.\tWhich of the following is not a pair of dicarboxylic acid?
\n
103.\tHow many carboxylic groups (–COOH) are there in carballylic acid?
\n
104.\tWhich acid was first obtained from rancid butter?
\n
105.\tAn aliphatic carboxylic acids known as fatty acids, occur in natural fats as ester of glycerol contains how many carbon atoms?
\n
106.\t_______ was first obtained from red ants.
\n
107.\tLatin word acetum means:
\n
108.\tAliphatic carboxylic acids containing _______ carbon atoms are known as fatty acids.
\n
109.\tWhy –COOH group is known as carboxyl group?
\n
110.\tIUPAC name of o-phthalic acid is:
\n
111.\tThe common name of\t
HOOC – (CH2)2 – COOH is?
\n
112.\tIUPA name of adipic acid is?
\n
113.\t\tThe oxidative product of which of the following compound is not a benzoic acid?
\n
114.\tThe product obtained on treating cyclohexene with basic solution of potassium permanganate is?
\n
115.\tWhich product will be obtained on a reaction of butan-1-ol with Jones reagent?
\n
Class 12 Chemistry (Part 2) 014
\n
116.\tWhich reagent can convert butanal in to butyric acid?
\n
117.\tWhich gas evolved at anode during Kolbe electrolysis of sodium propionate?
\n
118.\tConsider the following reaction
\n
Phenol \"\" X \"\" Y
\n
\"\" Z. Identify product Z.
\n
119.\tThe product obtained on hydrolysis of acetamide is?
\n
120.\tWhich of the given is Jones reagent?
\n
121.\t\"\"
\n
122.\t\"\" Terephthalic acid,
\n
+ 2H2O here X = ______.
\n
123.\tEthylmethyl ketone can be obtained by the oxidation of _______ .
\n
124.\tEthane nitrile \"\" _______ .
\n
125.\t\"\"
\n
what will be X in a given reaction?
\n
126. ‘S’. The final product ‘S’ of this reaction is _______ ?
\n
127.\tR – CH2 – OH \"\" R–CH2CI \"\" y \"\" R – CH2COOH products x, y and z in this reaction are…?
\n
x\ty\tz
\n
128.\tThe hydrolysis of which of the following is to be carried out to obtain \"\" as a product?
\n
129.\tBenzamide \"\" X + NH3
\n
Identify X in this reaction.
\n
130.\t\"\"
\n
\twhat will be X in a given reaction?
\n
131.\t.
\n
Identify X in this reaction.
\n
132.\t\"\"
\n
Identify X in this reaction.
\n
133.\tWhat product will be obtained on hydrolysis of anhydride?
\n
134.\t_______ will be obtained on hydrolysis of benzoic ethanoic anhydride?
\n
135.\tEthylethanoate \"\" P. Identify P in this reaction.
\n
136.\tBenzoic acid can not be prepared by hydrolysis of which of the following compound?
\n
137.\tIsobutyric acid will not be obtained as which of the following compound in presence of acidic or basic KMnO4 ?
\n
138.\tThe water solubility of which compound is least?
\n
139.\tWhich of the following is stongest acid?
\n
140.\tWhat product will obtain on a reaction of benzoic acid with dichlorine gas in presence of ferric chloride catalyst?
\n
141.\tBenzene can be obtained by heating benzoic acid with X or phenol with Y. X and Y respectively are:
\n
142.\tCH3CHO \"\" B \"\" C \"\" D. Product D is:
\n
143.\tWhich of the following does not react with
soda-lime?
\n
144.\tIdentify the correct order of pKa for\t
(i) 4-Methoxybenzoic acid (ii) 4-Nitrobenzoic acid and (iii) Benzoic acid.
\n
145.\tA \"\" B \"\" Terephthalic acid. the correct option for compound A is?
\n
146.\tWhich compound is used to detect the presence of carboxyl group in an organic compound?
\n
147.\tProduct obtained on strong heating of phthalamide with excess ammonia is:
\n
148.\tCarboxylic acids having an α-hydrogen are halogenated at the α-position on treatment with bromine in the presence of small amount of red phosphorus to give α-halocarboxylic acids. The reaction is known as _______.
\n
149.\tThe conjugated base of which of the following acid is weak?
\n
150.\t2CH3COOH \"\". The product obtained is:
\n
151.\tThe acidic strength of which of the following compound is maximum?
\n
152.\tpKa = _______ .
\n
153.\tStrongest acid among the following compound is?
\n
154.\tAcetic acid on heating with which of the following compound gives acetic anhydride?
\n
155.\tAmong carboxylic acids and alcohols of comparable molecular masses the one with strong hydrogen bonding is?
\n
156.\tDue to strong hydrogen bonding in the _______ most carboxylic acids exist as dimer.
\n
157.\tWhich of the following option is correct for the strength of acid?
\n
158.\tThe correct order of acidic strength for given compounds is?
\n
\"\"
\n
159.\tWhich among the following acid is stronger?
\n
160.\tOn which factor the dissociation constant of weak acid Ka depends?
\n
161.\tWeak acids have pKa values between _______.
\n
162.\tAcetic acid + PCI3 → Acetyl chloride + X; here X = _______.
\n
163. Which of the following is correct order of relative strength of carboxylic acid?
\n
\t\t(CH3)2CHCOOH > (CH3)3CCOOH
\n
\t(CH3)2CHCOOH > (CH3)3CCOOH
\n
\t\tCH3CH2COOH > (CH3)3CCOOH
\n
\t\tCH3CH2COOH > CH3COOH
\n
164.\t_______ is preferred for the production of acid chloride from carboxylic acid.
\n
165.\tThe product obtained on reduction of
prop-2-enoic acid by LiAlH4 is?
\n
166.\tBenzoic acid + Methanol \"\" ______.
\n
167.\tAcetyl chloride + Sodium acetate → ______.
\n
168.\t\"\"
\n
169.\tAmmonium phthalate \"\" ______ \"\" X + NH3. ‘X’ in this
reaction is?
\n
170. Acetic acid + Ammonia \"\" ________.
\n
\"\" Y ; ‘Y’ in this reaction is?
\n
171.\t\"\" Y;
\n
\tthe final product ‘Y’ in this reaction is?
\n
172.\t\"\"
\n
\t‘X’ in this reaction is?
\n
173.\tWhich among the following is correct for soda-lime?
\n
174.\tCH3COONa + NaOH \"\" ________.
\n
175.\t\"\"
\n
176.\tPhMe \"\"
\n
the final product ‘R’ of above reaction is?
\n
177.\tAn organic compound ‘x’ on treatment with ammonia gives B, which on heating gives ‘C’. ‘C’, when treated with Br2 in the presence of KOH, produces ethylamine. Compound
‘x’ is :
\n
178. Z; final product Z is :
\n
179.\t
\n
180.\tPhenol \"\" R; the product ‘R’ is :
\n
181.\tCH3CH2COOH \tR; the final product of reaction is:
\n
182.\tWhich compound is used in the manufacture of nylon-6,6?
\n
183.\tThe salt of which acid is used as a food preservative?
\n
184.\t_______ is used in the manufacture of nylon-6,6.
\n
185.\tWhat is vinegar?
\n
186.\tMethanoic acid is used in _______ industry.
\n
187. ;
\n
the product ‘M’ is:
\n
188.\tAssertion\t: Benzaldehyde undergoes the Cannizzaro reaction when treated with concentrated NaOH.
\n
Reason\t: Benzaldehyde contains no α-hydrogen atom.
\n
189. Assertion\t: Ketones are less reactive than aldehydes in nucleophilic addition reactions.
\n
\tReason\t: Ketones have two alkyl groups that reduce the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon.
\n
190. Assertion\t: Formaldehyde reacts with Tollens’ reagent to give a silver mirror.
\n
\tReason\t: Tollens’ reagent oxidizes formaldehyde to formic acid.
\n
191. Assertion\t: Benzaldehyde gives a positive Fehling’s test.
\n
\tReason\t: Aromatic aldehydes cannot be oxidized by Fehling’s reagent.
\n
192. Assertion\t: Aldehydes with no α-hydrogens undergo disproportionation in the presence of a base.
\n
\tReason\t: This reaction involves the oxidation of one molecule and the reduction of another.
\n
193. \tAssertion\t: Acetone reacts with NaHSO3 to form a bisulphite addition compound.
\n
\tReason\t: Carbonyl carbons in ketones are nucleophilic.
\n
194. Assertion\t: Aldehydes and ketones have higher boiling points than ethers of comparable molecular mass.
\n
\tReason\t: Aldehydes and ketones have significant dipole-dipole interactions.
\n
195.\tAssertion\t: Acetaldehyde undergoes aldol condensation in the presence of dilute alkali.
\n
\tReason\t: Aldehydes with α-hydrogens form enolates, which act as nucleophiles.
\n
196.\tAssertion\t: Carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than alcohols of comparable molecular weight.
\n
\tReason\t: Carboxylic acids form stronger hydrogen bonds due to dimerization.
\n
197.\tAssertion\t: Acetone reacts with iodine and NaOH to give iodoform.
\n
\tReason\t: Acetone contains a methyl group directly attached to the carbonyl carbon.
\n
198.\tAssertion\t: Carboxylic acids are less reactive than acid chlorides.
\n
\tReason\t: Acid chlorides have a better leaving group (-Cl) compared to carboxylic acids.
\n
199.\tAssertion\t: Benzaldehyde is more reactive than acetophenone in nucleophilic addition reactions.
\n
\tReason\t: The resonance effect of the phenyl group reduces electrophilicity in acetophenone.
\n
200.\tAssertion\t: Formic acid is a stronger acid than acetic acid.
\n
\tReason\t: Formic acid has an additional hydroxyl group for hydrogen bonding.
\n
201.\tAssertion\t: Ketones do not respond to Tollens’ test.
\n
\tReason\t: Ketones cannot be easily oxidized to carboxylic acids under mild conditions.
\n
202.\tAssertion\t: Ethyl acetate reacts with hydroxylamine to form oximes.
\n
\tReason\t: Hydroxylamine reacts with carbonyl groups to form oximes.
\n
203. Select the correct option using T (True) or
F (False) symbol for the following statements.
\n
(i)\tFormaldehyde can be oxidized to formic acid using Tollens’ reagent.
\n
(ii)\tKetones are more reactive than aldehydes in nucleophilic addition reactions.
\n
(iii)\tThe Cannizzaro reaction is a redox reaction where an aldehyde is both oxidized and reduced.
\n
(iv)\tThe boiling point of aldehydes is lower than that of alcohols of similar molecular mass.
\n
204. \tSelect the correct option using T (True) or
F (False) symbol for the following statements.
\n
(i)\tAcetone can react with iodine and NaOH to produce iodoform.
\n
(ii)\tCarboxylic acids have higher boiling points than aldehydes due to stronger hydrogen bonding.
\n
(iii)\tThe carbonyl carbon in aldehydes is more electrophilic than in ketones.
\n
(iv)\tAldehydes cannot undergo nucleophilic addition reactions with hydrogen cyanide (HCN).
\n
205. \tSelect the correct option using T (True) or
F (False) symbol for the following statements.
\n
(i)\tBenzaldehyde can give a positive Fehling’s test.
\n
(ii)\tAldehydes generally undergo Cannizzaro reactions in the presence of concentrated NaOH.
\n
(iii)\tCarboxylic acids can form dimers due to hydrogen bonding.
\n
(iv)\tAcetophenone is more reactive in nucleophilic addition reactions than benzaldehyde.
\n
206. Select the correct option using T (True) or
F (False) symbol for the following statements.
\n
(i)\tAldol condensation can only occur with aldehydes that have at least one α-hydrogen.
\n
(ii)\tFormaldehyde reacts with NaHSO3 to form a bisulphite addition compound.
\n
(iii)\tCarboxylic acids are more acidic than aldehydes and ketones.
\n
(iv) The carbonyl group in aldehydes is sp²-hybridized.
\n
207.\tSelect the correct option using T (True) or
F (False) symbol for the following statements.
\n
(i)\tTrichloroacetaldehyde undergoes the Cannizzaro reaction to form sodium trichloroacetate and 2,2,2-trichloroethanol.
\n
(ii)\tAldehydes without α-hydrogens undergo disproportionation in basic conditions.
\n
(iii)\tAcetic acid is more acidic than formic acid.
\n
(iv)\tBenzaldehyde cannot form a silver mirror in the Tollens’ test.
\n
208. \tSelect the correct option using T (True) or
F (False) symbol for the following statements.
\n
(i)\tKetones cannot undergo the Cannizzaro reaction.
\n
(ii)\tThe resonance effect of the phenyl group in acetophenone decreases its reactivity.
\n
(iii)\tThe formation of hemiacetals involves the reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with water.
\n
(iv)\tAldehydes and ketones form strong hydrogen bonds between molecules.
\n
209. \tSelect the correct option using T (True) or
F (False) symbol for the following statements.
\n
(i)\tAldehydes and ketones can form bisulphite addition products with sodium bisulphite.
\n
(ii)\tThe functional group in aldehydes is -CHO.
\n
(iii)\tAcetone reacts with NaOH to produce an enolate ion that can undergo aldol condensation.
\n
(iv)\tCarboxylic acids have higher boiling points than alcohols due to dimer formation.
\n
210. \tSelect the correct option using T (True) or
F (False) symbol for the following statements.
\n
(i)\tThe presence of two alkyl groups in ketones makes them more reactive than aldehydes.
\n
(ii)\tAldehydes with no α-hydrogens undergo the Cannizzaro reaction.
\n
(iii)\tThe boiling points of aldehydes and ketones are higher than those of alkanes of comparable molecular mass.
\n
(iv)\tFormaldehyde is a solid at room temperature.
\n
211. \tSelect the correct option using T (True) or
F (False) symbol for the following statements.
\n
(i)\tAldehydes and ketones can be prepared by the oxidation of primary alcohols.
\n
(ii)\tBenzaldehyde has an electron-withdrawing effect due to the phenyl group.
\n
(iii)\tThe Tollens’ test can be used to differentiate aldehydes from ketones.
\n
(iv)\tAldol condensation results in the formation of β-hydroxy ketones or aldehydes.
\n
212. \tSelect the correct option using T (True) or
F (False) symbol for the following statements.
\n
(i)\tThe carbonyl group in aldehydes has a higher dipole moment than in ketones.
\n
(ii)\tCarboxylic acids can be reduced to primary alcohols using LiAlH₄.
\n
(iii)\tAldehydes are more polar than ethers.
\n
(iv)\tThe Cannizzaro reaction is catalyzed by dilute sulphuric acid.
\n
213. \tSelect the correct option using T (True) or
F (False) symbol for the following statements.
\n
(i)\tKetones are less polar than aldehydes.
\n
(ii)\tThe reaction between aldehydes and Grignard reagents yields secondary alcohols.
\n
(iii)\tAldehydes with an α-hydrogen can undergo aldol condensation in the presence of a base.
\n
(iv)\tAcetic acid has a higher boiling point than ethanol.
\n
214. \tSelect the correct option using T (True) or
F (False) symbol for the following statements.
\n
(i)\tFormaldehyde is used as a preservative in the form of formalin.
\n
(ii)\tCarboxylic acids are formed when aldehydes are oxidized with strong oxidizing agents.
\n
(iii)\tThe presence of an additional hydroxyl group in formic acid makes it less acidic than acetic acid.
\n
(iv)\tAcetophenone can undergo a Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction to form a ketone.
", "answer_text": "", "type": "MCQ", "type_uncertain": false, "options": { "A": "TTFF", "B": "FTTF", "C": "TFFT", "D": "FTFT" }, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/435.png", "position": "stem", "context": "→" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/436.png", "position": "stem", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-2", "path": "Chapter8/EQ-1109-185649.png", "position": "stem", "context": "CH 3 CHO (A) (C)" }, { "id": "img-3", "path": "Chapter8/EQ-1109-185700.png", "position": "stem", "context": "CH 3 CHO (A) (C)" }, { "id": "img-4", "path": "Chapter8/437.png", "position": "stem", "context": "CH 3 CHO (A) (C)" }, { "id": "img-5", "path": "Chapter8/EQ-0224-222746.png", "position": "stem", "context": "CH 3 CHO (A) (C)" }, { "id": "img-6", "path": "Chapter8/440.png", "position": "stem", "context": "16. An IUPAC name of is ______." }, { "id": "img-7", "path": "Chapter8/441.png", "position": "stem", "context": "17. Common name of is _____." }, { "id": "img-8", "path": "Chapter8/442.png", "position": "stem", "context": "18. Common name of is _______." }, { "id": "img-9", "path": "Chapter8/444.png", "position": "stem", "context": "32. PhC ≡ CMe _______" }, { "id": "img-10", "path": "Chapter8/445.png", "position": "stem", "context": "34. CH 3 CH 2 – C ≡ N CH 3 CH 2 – CHO" }, { "id": "img-11", "path": "Chapter8/446.png", "position": "stem", "context": "35." }, { "id": "img-12", "path": "Chapter8/447.png", "position": "stem", "context": "37." }, { "id": "img-13", "path": "Chapter8/448.png", "position": "option:C", "context": "(C) CH 3 MgI (D)" }, { "id": "img-14", "path": "Chapter8/452.png", "position": "stem", "context": "45." }, { "id": "img-15", "path": "Chapter8/453.png", "position": "stem", "context": "53. A B C Butan-1-ol." }, { "id": "img-16", "path": "Chapter8/454.png", "position": "stem", "context": "53. A B C Butan-1-ol." }, { "id": "img-17", "path": "Chapter8/455.png", "position": "stem", "context": "53. A B C Butan-1-ol." }, { "id": "img-18", "path": "Chapter8/456.png", "position": "stem", "context": "x y" }, { "id": "img-19", "path": "Chapter8/EQ-0219-154619.png", "position": "stem", "context": "x y" }, { "id": "img-20", "path": "Chapter8/457.png", "position": "stem", "context": "x y" }, { "id": "img-21", "path": "Chapter8/458.png", "position": "option:A", "context": "(A) (B)" }, { "id": "img-22", "path": "Chapter8/459.png", "position": "option:A", "context": "(A) (B)" }, { "id": "img-23", "path": "Chapter8/460.png", "position": "option:C", "context": "(C) (D)" }, { "id": "img-24", "path": "Chapter8/461.png", "position": "option:C", "context": "(C) (D)" }, { "id": "img-25", "path": "Chapter8/462.png", "position": "stem", "context": "76. CH 3 COCH 3 X + H 2 O + N 2" }, { "id": "img-26", "path": "Chapter8/463.png", "position": "option:C", "context": "(C) (D) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH" }, { "id": "img-27", "path": "Chapter8/464.png", "position": "stem", "context": "86. Due to which reason shows Cannizzaro reaction?" }, { "id": "img-28", "path": "Chapter8/465.png", "position": "stem", "context": "89. Y, the final" }, { "id": "img-29", "path": "Chapter8/466.png", "position": "option:A", "context": "(A) (B)" }, { "id": "img-30", "path": "Chapter8/467.png", "position": "option:A", "context": "(A) (B)" }, { "id": "img-31", "path": "Chapter8/468.png", "position": "option:C", "context": "(C) (D)" }, { "id": "img-32", "path": "Chapter8/469.png", "position": "option:C", "context": "(C) (D)" }, { "id": "img-33", "path": "Chapter8/470.png", "position": "stem", "context": "90. ," }, { "id": "img-34", "path": "Chapter8/471.png", "position": "stem", "context": "93." }, { "id": "img-35", "path": "Chapter8/475.png", "position": "stem", "context": "Phenol X Y" }, { "id": "img-36", "path": "Chapter8/476.png", "position": "stem", "context": "Phenol X Y" }, { "id": "img-37", "path": "Chapter8/477.png", "position": "stem", "context": "Z . Identify product Z." }, { "id": "img-38", "path": "Chapter8/478.png", "position": "stem", "context": "121." }, { "id": "img-39", "path": "Chapter8/479.png", "position": "stem", "context": "122. Terephthalic acid," }, { "id": "img-40", "path": "Chapter8/480.png", "position": "stem", "context": "124. Ethane nitrile _______ ." }, { "id": "img-41", "path": "Chapter8/481.png", "position": "stem", "context": "125." }, { "id": "img-42", "path": "Chapter8/483.png", "position": "option:A", "context": "(A) (B) (C) (D)" }, { "id": "img-43", "path": "Chapter8/484.png", "position": "option:A", "context": "(A) (B) (C) (D)" }, { "id": "img-44", "path": "Chapter8/485.png", "position": "option:A", "context": "(A) (B) (C) (D)" }, { "id": "img-45", "path": "Chapter8/486.png", "position": "option:A", "context": "(A) (B) (C) (D)" }, { "id": "img-46", "path": "Chapter8/487.png", "position": "stem", "context": "127. R – CH 2 – OH R–CH 2 CI y R – CH 2 COOH products x, y a…" }, { "id": "img-47", "path": "Chapter8/488.png", "position": "stem", "context": "127. R – CH 2 – OH R–CH 2 CI y R – CH 2 COOH products x, y a…" }, { "id": "img-48", "path": "Chapter8/489.png", "position": "stem", "context": "127. R – CH 2 – OH R–CH 2 CI y R – CH 2 COOH products x, y a…" }, { "id": "img-49", "path": "Chapter8/490.png", "position": "stem", "context": "128. The hydrolysis of which of the following is to be carri…" }, { "id": "img-50", "path": "Chapter8/491.png", "position": "option:A", "context": "(A) (B) (C) (D)" }, { "id": "img-51", "path": "Chapter8/492.png", "position": "option:A", "context": "(A) (B) (C) (D)" }, { "id": "img-52", "path": "Chapter8/493.png", "position": "option:A", "context": "(A) (B) (C) (D)" }, { "id": "img-53", "path": "Chapter8/494.png", "position": "option:A", "context": "(A) (B) (C) (D)" }, { "id": "img-54", "path": "Chapter8/495.png", "position": "stem", "context": "129. Benzamide X + NH 3" }, { "id": "img-55", "path": "Chapter8/496.png", "position": "stem", "context": "130." }, { "id": "img-56", "path": "Chapter8/498.png", "position": "stem", "context": "132." }, { "id": "img-57", "path": "Chapter8/499.png", "position": "stem", "context": "135. Ethylethanoate P. Identify P in this reaction." }, { "id": "img-58", "path": "Chapter8/500.png", "position": "option:A", "context": "(A) (B)" }, { "id": "img-59", "path": "Chapter8/501.png", "position": "option:A", "context": "(A) (B)" }, { "id": "img-60", "path": "Chapter8/502.png", "position": "option:C", "context": "(C) (D)" }, { "id": "img-61", "path": "Chapter8/503.png", "position": "option:C", "context": "(C) (D)" }, { "id": "img-62", "path": "Chapter8/506.png", "position": "stem", "context": "142. CH 3 CHO B C D. Product D is:" }, { "id": "img-63", "path": "Chapter8/507.png", "position": "stem", "context": "142. CH 3 CHO B C D. Product D is:" }, { "id": "img-64", "path": "Chapter8/508.png", "position": "stem", "context": "142. CH 3 CHO B C D. Product D is:" }, { "id": "img-65", "path": "Chapter8/509.png", "position": "stem", "context": "145. A B Terephthalic acid. the correct option for compound …" }, { "id": "img-66", "path": "Chapter8/510.png", "position": "stem", "context": "145. A B Terephthalic acid. the correct option for compound …" }, { "id": "img-67", "path": "Chapter8/511.png", "position": "stem", "context": "150. 2CH 3 COOH . The product obtained is:" }, { "id": "img-68", "path": "Chapter8/512.png", "position": "option:A", "context": "(A) (B)" }, { "id": "img-69", "path": "Chapter8/513.png", "position": "option:A", "context": "(A) (B)" }, { "id": "img-70", "path": "Chapter8/514.png", "position": "option:C", "context": "(C) (D)" }, { "id": "img-71", "path": "Chapter8/515.png", "position": "option:C", "context": "(C) (D)" }, { "id": "img-72", "path": "Chapter8/516.png", "position": "stem", "context": "" }, { "id": "img-73", "path": "Chapter8/517.png", "position": "stem", "context": "166. Benzoic acid + Methanol ______." }, { "id": "img-74", "path": "Chapter8/518.png", "position": "stem", "context": "168." }, { "id": "img-75", "path": "Chapter8/519.png", "position": "stem", "context": "169. Ammonium phthalate ______ X + NH 3 . ‘X’ in this reacti…" }, { "id": "img-76", "path": "Chapter8/520.png", "position": "stem", "context": "169. Ammonium phthalate ______ X + NH 3 . ‘X’ in this reacti…" }, { "id": "img-77", "path": "Chapter8/521.png", "position": "stem", "context": "170. Acetic acid + Ammonia ________." }, { "id": "img-78", "path": "Chapter8/522.png", "position": "stem", "context": "Y ; ‘Y’ in this reaction is?" }, { "id": "img-79", "path": "Chapter8/523.png", "position": "stem", "context": "171. Y;" }, { "id": "img-80", "path": "Chapter8/524.png", "position": "stem", "context": "172." }, { "id": "img-81", "path": "Chapter8/525.png", "position": "stem", "context": "174. CH 3 COONa + NaOH ________." }, { "id": "img-82", "path": "Chapter8/526.png", "position": "stem", "context": "175." }, { "id": "img-83", "path": "Chapter8/527.png", "position": "stem", "context": "176. PhMe" }, { "id": "img-84", "path": "Chapter8/530.png", "position": "stem", "context": "180. 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(A)\t12. (D) 13.\t(B)\t14.\t(A)\t15. (C)\t16. (D) 17. (A)\t18. (C)\t19. (C)\t20. (D)
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(D) 22. (C) 23. (D)\t24. (A) 25.\t(D) 26.\t(C) 27. (A) 28. (B) 29.\t(B) 30. (B)
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(A)\t32.\t(B)\t33. (C) 34.\t(A) 35. (A)\t36. (D)\t37. (B) 38. (A) 39. (D) 40. (D)
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(C) 42.\t(C) 43. (A) 44. (D) 45.\t(B) 46. (B) 47.\t(B) 48. (C)\t49.\t(A) 50.\t(C)
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(C) 52. (B) 53.\t(D)\t54.\t(D)\t55. (B) 56. (A) 57. (B) 58. (B) 59. (C) 60. (C)
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(B) 62. (C) 63. (B)\t64. (A) 65.\t(B)\t66. (C) 67.\t(D)\t68. (A) 69. (B) 70. (B)
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(B) 72.\t(C)\t73. (C)\t74.\t(A)\t75. (C) 76.\t(A)\t77.\t(C) 78. (B) 79. (A) 80. (C)
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(C) 82.\t(C) 83.\t(A)\t84. (D) 85. (A) 86.\t(B)\t87.\t(D) 88. (C) 89. (A)\t90. (D)
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(C)\t92.\t(B) 93. (D)\t94. (B) 95.\t(C) 96. (A) 97. (C) 98. (D) 99. (C)\t100. (D)
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(D) 102.\t(C)\t103.\t(C)\t104. (D) 105. (B) 106. (B) 107.\t(C) 108. (A) 109. (C)\t110. (D)
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(B) 112.\t(C) 113. (D) 114.\t(C)\t115. (D) 116.\t(D) 117.\t(C) 118. (D)\t119.\t(B) 120. (C)
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(B) 122. (B)\t123.\t(C) 124. (C)\t125. (B) 126. (C) 127.\t(A)\t128. (B) 129. (D) 130. (B)
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(D) 132. (A)\t133. (C)\t134. (D)\t135. (D)\t136. (A) 137. (C) 138. (C) 139. (C) 140. (A)
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(D)\t142. (B)\t143.\t(B)\t144. (B)\t145. (D) 146.\t(D) 147. (A)\t148. (B) 149. (C) 150. (A)
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(B) 152. (B) 153. (B)\t154. (A) 155. (B) 156. (D) 157. (A) 158. (A)\t159. (C) 160. (C)
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(B) 162. (A) 163. (A) 164.\t(C) 165. (C)\t166. (A) 167.\t(C) 168. (B)\t169. (C)\t170. (D)
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(D) 172. (A) 173. (D) 174. (B) 175. (C)\t176. (D) 177.\t(C) 178. (C)\t179.\t(C) 180.\t(B)
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(B) 182. (C) 183. (D) 184. (C) 185.\t(B) 186. (D)\t187. (A) 188. (A) 189.\t(A) 190. (A)
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(D) 192.\t(A) 193. (C) 194. (A) 195. (A) 196. (A) 197.\t(A) 198. (A) 199. (A) 200. (C)
", "answer_text": "", "type": "MCQ", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Normal idf6158e609-ParaOverride-228", "source_number": "191", "original_raw_text": "(D) 192.\t(A) 193. (C) 194. (A) 195. (A) 196. (A) 197.\t(A) 198. (A) 199. (A) 200. (C)", "marks": 1, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Textbook Based MCQs", "section_id": "3.9", "needs_review": true, "needs_layout_review": true, "layout_review_reason": "question body is a consolidated answer key (NUMBER.(LETTER) pairs) — parse it into a number→letter map, not a question", "missing_answer": true, "needs_answer_review": true, "answer_review_reason": "options + correct option not detected" } }, { "sequence_no": 113, "question_text": "
(A) 202. (D) 203. (A)\t204. (B) 205. (B) 206. (A) 207. (A) 208. (B) 209.\t(C) 210. (B)
", "answer_text": "", "type": "MCQ", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Normal idf6158e609-ParaOverride-228", "source_number": "201", "original_raw_text": "(A) 202. (D) 203. (A)\t204. (B) 205. (B) 206. (A) 207. (A) 208. (B) 209.\t(C) 210. (B)", "marks": 1, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Textbook Based MCQs", "section_id": "3.9", "needs_review": true, "needs_layout_review": true, "layout_review_reason": "question body is a consolidated answer key (NUMBER.(LETTER) pairs) — parse it into a number→letter map, not a question", "missing_answer": true, "needs_answer_review": true, "answer_review_reason": "options + correct option not detected" } }, { "sequence_no": 114, "question_text": "
(A)\t212. (B)\t213. (B)\t214. (A)
", "answer_text": "", "type": "MCQ", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Normal idf6158e609-ParaOverride-228", "source_number": "211", "original_raw_text": "(A)\t212. (B)\t213. (B)\t214. (A)", "marks": 1, "deduction_level": 0, "source_html": "Chapter8", "section": "NCERT Textbook Based MCQs", "section_id": "3.9", "needs_review": true, "needs_layout_review": true, "layout_review_reason": "question body is a consolidated answer key (NUMBER.(LETTER) pairs) — parse it into a number→letter map, not a question", "missing_answer": true, "needs_answer_review": true, "answer_review_reason": "options + correct option not detected" } } ] }, { "section_id": "3.12", "section_title": "Case Study Based Q & A", "heading_text": "Case Study Based Questions and Answers", "detected_type": "CS", "match_confidence": 0.69, "questions": [ { "sequence_no": 115, "question_text": "
Aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids are vital in the chemical industry and biological systems. They are found in natural substances like vanillin from vanilla beans and cinnamaldehyde from cinnamon. These compounds are extensively used in perfumes, flavourings agents, and pharmaceuticals. For instance, acetone serves as a common solvent, while benzaldehyde is used in dyes and perfumes. Chemically, these compounds exhibit significant reactivity due to the polar nature of the carbonyl group (>C=O), which makes them electrophilic and attack to nucleophilic addition reactions.
\n
(a) What are carbonyl compounds?
\n
(b) Why are aldehydes more reactive than ketones?
\n
(c) What role do aldehydes and ketones play in industry?
\n
(d) How does the carbonyl group influence reactivity?
", "answer_text": "
(a) Carbonyl compounds contain the >C=O group. Aldehydes and ketones are examples, where aldehydes have at least one hydrogen atom bonded to the carbonyl carbon, while ketones have two alkyl or aryl groups attached.
\n
(b) Aldehydes are more reactive because they have less steric hindrance and fewer electron-donating groups, which makes the carbonyl carbon more electrophilic.
\n
(c) They are used in synthesizing resins, perfumes, and adhesives, with acetone being a widely used solvent.
\n
(d) The electronegativity difference between carbon and oxygen in the carbonyl group induces polarity, making the carbon atom electrophilic and prone to nucleophilic attack.
", "type": "CS", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Question_S2-to-S4_Que_Casestudy_01", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "original_raw_text": " Aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids are vital in the chemical industry and biological systems. They are found in natural substances like vanillin from vanilla beans and cinnamaldehyde from cinnamon. These compounds are extensively used in perfumes, flavourings agents, and pharmaceuticals. For instance, acetone serves as a common solvent, while benzaldehyde is used in dyes and perfumes. Chemically, these compounds exhibit significant reactivity due to the polar nature of the carbonyl group (>C=O), which makes them electrophilic and attack to nucleophilic addition reactions.\n(a) What ar", "source_html": "Chapter8", "sub_questions": [ { "label": "(a)", "question": "What are carbonyl compounds?", "answer": "Carbonyl compounds contain the >C=O group. Aldehydes and ketones are examples, where aldehydes have at least one hydrogen atom bonded to the carbonyl carbon, while ketones have two alkyl or aryl groups attached." }, { "label": "(b)", "question": "Why are aldehydes more reactive than ketones?", "answer": "Aldehydes are more reactive because they have less steric hindrance and fewer electron-donating groups, which makes the carbonyl carbon more electrophilic." }, { "label": "(c)", "question": "What role do aldehydes and ketones play in industry?", "answer": "They are used in synthesizing resins, perfumes, and adhesives, with acetone being a widely used solvent." }, { "label": "(d)", "question": "How does the carbonyl group influence reactivity?", "answer": "The electronegativity difference between carbon and oxygen in the carbonyl group induces polarity, making the carbon atom electrophilic and prone to nucleophilic attack." } ], "section": "Case Study Based Q & A", "section_id": "3.12" } }, { "sequence_no": 116, "question_text": "
Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reactions due to the electrophilic nature of the carbonyl carbon. For example, the reaction with hydrogen cyanide (HCN) forms cyanohydrins, which are important intermediates in organic synthesis. The reaction is catalyzed by a base that generates the cyanide ion (CN–), which attacks the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate.
\n
(a) What is a cyanohydrin?
\n
(b) Why are aldehydes more reactive in nucleophilic addition than ketones?
\n
(c) What is the significance of cyanohydrins?
\n
(d) Why is the reaction with HCN slow without a catalyst?
", "answer_text": "
(a) It is a compound where a hydroxyl group
(–OH) and a cyanide group (–CN) are attached to the same carbon.
\n
(b) Aldehydes are less sterically hindered and have fewer electron-donating groups.
\n
(c) Cyanohydrins are used as intermediates in the synthesis of amino acids and other organic compounds.
\n
(d) Pure HCN has weak nucleophilicity, so a base is used to generate the stronger nucleophile, CN–.
", "type": "CS", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Question_S2-to-S4_Que_Casestudy_01", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "original_raw_text": " Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reactions due to the electrophilic nature of the carbonyl carbon. For example, the reaction with hydrogen cyanide (HCN) forms cyanohydrins, which are important intermediates in organic synthesis. The reaction is catalyzed by a base that generates the cyanide ion (CN–), which attacks the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate.\n(a) What is a cyanohydrin?\n(b) Why are aldehydes more reactive in nucleophilic addition than ketones?\n(c) What is the significance of cyanohydrins?\n(d) Why is the reaction with HCN slow without a catalyst?", "source_html": "Chapter8", "sub_questions": [ { "label": "(a)", "question": "What is a cyanohydrin?", "answer": "It is a compound where a hydroxyl group\n(–OH) and a cyanide group (–CN) are attached to the same carbon." }, { "label": "(b)", "question": "Why are aldehydes more reactive in nucleophilic addition than ketones?", "answer": "Aldehydes are less sterically hindered and have fewer electron-donating groups." }, { "label": "(c)", "question": "What is the significance of cyanohydrins?", "answer": "Cyanohydrins are used as intermediates in the synthesis of amino acids and other organic compounds." }, { "label": "(d)", "question": "Why is the reaction with HCN slow without a catalyst?", "answer": "Pure HCN has weak nucleophilicity, so a base is used to generate the stronger nucleophile, CN – ." } ], "section": "Case Study Based Q & A", "section_id": "3.12" } }, { "sequence_no": 117, "question_text": "
When an aldehyde with no α-hydrogen reacts with concentrated aqueous NaOH, half the aldehyde is converted to a carboxylic acid salt, and the other half is converted to an alcohol. In this reaction, one molecule of the aldehyde is oxidized, and the other is reduced. This process is called the Cannizzaro reaction.
\n
(a) What are the products of the reaction between benzaldehyde and formaldehyde with aqueous NaOH?
\n
(b) Which compounds undergo Cannizzaro reactions?
\n
(c) What are the products when trichloroacetaldehyde undergoes Cannizzaro reaction with NaOH?
\n
(d) What is the slowest step in the Cannizzaro reaction?
", "answer_text": "
(a) Benzyl alcohol and sodium format are formed.
\n
(b) Compounds without α-hydrogen, like formaldehyde and benzaldehyde, undergo this reaction.
\n
(c) Sodium trichloroacetate and 2,2,2-trichloroethanol are formed.
\n
(d) The transfer of hydride ion (H–) from one aldehyde molecule to another is the rate-determining step.
", "type": "CS", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Question_S2-to-S4_Que_Casestudy_01", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "original_raw_text": " When an aldehyde with no α-hydrogen reacts with concentrated aqueous NaOH, half the aldehyde is converted to a carboxylic acid salt, and the other half is converted to an alcohol. In this reaction, one molecule of the aldehyde is oxidized, and the other is reduced. This process is called the Cannizzaro reaction.\n(a) What are the products of the reaction between benzaldehyde and formaldehyde with aqueous NaOH?\n(b) Which compounds undergo Cannizzaro reactions?\n(c) What are the products when trichloroacetaldehyde undergoes Cannizzaro reaction with NaOH?\n(d) What is the slowest step in the Canniz", "source_html": "Chapter8", "sub_questions": [ { "label": "(a)", "question": "What are the products of the reaction between benzaldehyde and formaldehyde with aqueous NaOH?", "answer": "Benzyl alcohol and sodium format are formed." }, { "label": "(b)", "question": "Which compounds undergo Cannizzaro reactions?", "answer": "Compounds without α-hydrogen, like formaldehyde and benzaldehyde, undergo this reaction." }, { "label": "(c)", "question": "What are the products when trichloroacetaldehyde undergoes Cannizzaro reaction with NaOH?", "answer": "Sodium trichloroacetate and 2,2,2-trichloroethanol are formed." }, { "label": "(d)", "question": "What is the slowest step in the Cannizzaro reaction?", "answer": "The transfer of hydride ion (H – ) from one aldehyde molecule to another is the rate-d etermining step." } ], "section": "Case Study Based Q & A", "section_id": "3.12" } }, { "sequence_no": 118, "question_text": "
Ethanal undergoes aldol condensation in the presence of dilute alkali to form 3-hydroxybutanal, which dehydrates to form
but-2-enal (crotonaldehyde).
\n
Reaction Steps:
\n
(1) Formation of aldol :
\n
2CH3CHO \"\" CH3CH(OH) CH2CHO
\n
(2) Dehydration :
\n
CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO \"\" CH3CH=CHCHO
\n
(a) What is the product of aldol condensation of ethanal?
\n
(b) Why is dilute NaOH used as a catalyst?
\n
(c) What are the functional groups in the aldol intermediate?
\n
(d) Why is the product α,β-unsaturated?
", "answer_text": "
(a) But-2-enal (crotonaldehyde).
\n
(b) It generates the enolate ion, which is necessary for the reaction.
\n
(c) An aldehyde (–CHO) and an alcohol (–OH).
\n
(d) Dehydration of the aldol forms a conjugated double bond system. i.e α,β-unsaturated aldhyde.
", "type": "CS", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/673.png", "position": "stem", "context": "2CH 3 CHO CH 3 CH(OH) CH 2 CHO" }, { "id": "img-1", "path": "Chapter8/674.png", "position": "stem", "context": "CH 3 CH(OH)CH 2 CHO CH 3 CH=CHCHO" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Question_S2-to-S4_Que_Casestudy_01", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "original_raw_text": " Ethanal undergoes aldol condensation in the presence of dilute alkali to form 3-hydroxybutanal, which dehydrates to form but-2-enal (crotonaldehyde).\nReaction Steps:\n(1) Formation of aldol :\n2CH3CHO CH3CH(OH) CH2CHO\n(2) Dehydration :\nCH3CH(OH)CH2CHO CH3CH=CHCHO\n(a) What is the product of aldol condensation of ethanal?\n(b) Why is dilute NaOH used as a catalyst?\n(c) What are the functional groups in the aldol intermediate?\n(d) Why is the product α,β-unsaturated?", "source_html": "Chapter8", "sub_questions": [ { "label": "(1)", "question": "Formation of aldol :\n2CH 3 CHO CH 3 CH(OH) CH 2 CHO", "answer": "" }, { "label": "(2)", "question": "Dehydration :\nCH 3 CH(OH)CH 2 CHO CH 3 CH=CHCHO", "answer": "" }, { "label": "(a)", "question": "What is the product of aldol condensation of ethanal?", "answer": "But-2-enal (crotonaldehyde)." }, { "label": "(b)", "question": "Why is dilute NaOH used as a catalyst?", "answer": "It generates the enolate ion, which is necessary for the reaction." }, { "label": "(c)", "question": "What are the functional groups in the aldol intermediate?", "answer": "An aldehyde (–CHO) and an alcohol (–OH)." }, { "label": "(d)", "question": "Why is the product α,β-unsaturated?", "answer": "Dehydration of the aldol forms a conjugated double bond system. i.e α , β - unsaturated aldhyde." } ], "section": "Case Study Based Q & A", "section_id": "3.12", "needs_review": true, "needs_optsplit_review": true, "optsplit_review_reason": "answer body is an option list (A/B/C/D) — options mis-routed into the answer; they belong to the question" } }, { "sequence_no": 119, "question_text": "
A pharmaceutical synthesis unit produces Paracetamol, Aspirin and various aromatic drugs. These reactions involve aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acid.
\n
\tDuring the development of new drug intermediates, chemist perform experiments on:
\n
Nucleophilic addition reaction of carbonyl compound.
\n
Oxidation - reduction behavior
\n
Acidity of carboxylic acid.
\n
Reactivity of aromatic vs aliphatic aldehydes
\n
Derivatives such as hydrazones, oximes and 2, 4-DNP compounds.
\n
They observe reaction:
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Compound

\n		\n

With Tollen's reagent

\n		\n

With 2, 4-DNP

\n		\n

lodoform Test

\n
\n

Ethanal

\n		\n

+ve

\n		\n

+ve

\n		\n

+ve

\n
\n

Propanone

\n		\n

–ve

\n		\n

+ve

\n		\n

+ve

\n
\n

Benzaldehyde

\n		\n

+ve

\n		\n

+ve

\n		\n

–ve

\n
\n

Acetic Acid

\n		\n

–ve

\n		\n

–ve

\n		\n

–ve

\n
\n
\tAdditional Facts:
\n
Aromatic aldehydes oxidize easily but do not give iodoform test.
\n
Ketones generally resist oxidation except methyl ketones.
\n
Carboxylic acid are least reactive toward nucleophiles.
\n
(a) Why does ethanal give a positive iodoform test but benzaldehyde does not?
\n
(b) Explain why aldehydes are more reactive than ketones toward nucleophilic addition.
\n
(c) Why does propanone fail the Tollen's test while ethanol passes it?
\n
(d) Arrange the following in increasing acidity: Ethanol, Acetic Acid, Phenol.
", "answer_text": "
(a) Iodoform test is positive for compounds containing CH3 – C = O or CH3 – CH(OH) –
\n
\tEthanol: CH3 – CHO contain CH3 – CO that is why positive
\n
\tBenzaldehyde = C6H5– CHO → No CH3 group So, Negative
\n
(b) Reason:
\n
\t(i)\tLess steric hindrance around carbonyl carbon in aldehydes.
\n
\t(ii)\tAldehydes have only one alkyl group, so less +I effect
\n
\t(iii)\tCarbonyl carbon is more δ+ → more easily attacked.
\n
(c) Tollen's reagent oxidizes aldehydes, not ketones.
\n
\tEthanal → oxidized → give silver mirror propanone → ketone → cannot be oxidize under mild condition, so negative.
\n
(d) Ethanol < Phenol < Acetic acid
\n
Reason :
\n
Carboxylate ion (–COO–) is stabilized by resonance strongest acid.
\n
Phenoxide ion has resonance but weaker.
\n
Ethoxide ion has no resonance → weaker acid.
", "type": "CS", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Question_S2-to-S4_Que_Casestudy_01", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "original_raw_text": " A pharmaceutical synthesis unit produces Paracetamol, Aspirin and various aromatic drugs. These reactions involve aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acid.\n\tDuring the development of new drug intermediates, chemist perform experiments on:\nNucleophilic addition reaction of carbonyl compound.\nOxidation - reduction behavior\nAcidity of carboxylic acid.\nReactivity of aromatic vs aliphatic aldehydes\nDerivatives such as hydrazones, oximes and 2, 4-DNP compounds.\n They observe reaction:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCompound\n\n\nWith Tollen's reagent\n\n\nWith 2, 4-DNP\n\n\nlodoform Test\n\n\n\n\nEthanal\n\n\n+ve\n\n\n+ve\n\n\n+ve\n\n\n\n\nPropano", "source_html": "Chapter8", "sub_questions": [ { "label": "(a)", "question": "Why does ethanal give a positive iodoform test but benzaldehyde does not?", "answer": "" }, { "label": "(b)", "question": "Explain why aldehydes are more reactive than ketones toward nucleophilic addition.", "answer": "" }, { "label": "(c)", "question": "Why does propanone fail the Tollen's test while ethanol passes it?", "answer": "" }, { "label": "(d)", "question": "Arrange the following in increasing acidity: Ethanol, Acetic Acid, Phenol.", "answer": "" } ], "section": "Case Study Based Q & A", "section_id": "3.12" } }, { "sequence_no": 120, "question_text": "
A chemical industry synthesizes perfume aldehydes, ketons for polymers and carboxylic acid for soaps.
\n
\tTo optimize production, they study Cannizzaro reaction, Aldol condensation, decarboxylation, esterification and oxidation of 1° and 2° alcohols.
\n
\tThey conduct experiments:
\n
(i)\tBenzaldehyde gives Cannizzaro Reaction in concentrated base.
\n
(ii)\tAcetaldehyde undergoes aldol condensation.
\n
(iii)\tHeating sodium acetate with soda lime gives methane (decarboxylation).
\n
(iv)\tEthanol + Acetic Acid → Ethyl acetate.
\n
(v)\tAcidified KMnO4 oxidizes toluene → benzoic Acid.
\n
\tAdditional insight :
\n
Aldehydes without α - hydrogen → Cannizzaro.
\n
Aldehydes with α - hydrogen → Aldol
\n
Carboxylic acid lose CO2 during decarboxylation.
\n
(a) Why does benzaldehyde undergoes Cannizzaro reaction while acetaldehyde undergoes aldol condensation?
\n
(b) Write the product and mechanism type when sodium acetate is heated with soda lime.
\n
(c) Explain why esterification requires acid catalyst.
\n
(d) Predict the product when benzaldehyde + NaOH (Conc.) react.
", "answer_text": "
(a) (i) Benzaldehyde has no α - hydrogen, so cannot form enolate → undergoes Cannizzaro.
\n
\t(ii) Acetaldehyde had α - hydrogen, so form enolate → undergoes aldol condensation.
\n
(b) CH3COONa + NaOH \"\" CH4 + Na2CO3
\n
This is decarboxylation reaction.
\n
(c) Acid (H+) : It activates carbonyl carbon increase electrophilicity and removes water to shift equilibrium forward. Thus, ester formation increases.
\n
(d) It's Cannizzaro reaction.
\n
\t2C6H5CHO → C6H5CH2OH + C6H5COONa
\n
\t\t+\tBenzyl\tSodium
\n
\tConc. NaOH\talcohol\tbenzoate
\n
Carbonyl Group: C=O functional unit where carbon is sp2 hybridised and electrophilic (Cδ+).
\n
Aldehyde: Carbonyl compound with at least one H on the carbonyl carbon (R–CHO).
\n
Ketone: Carbonyl compound with two carbon substituents on the carbonyl carbon (R–CO–R′).
\n
Carboxylic Acid: Compound containing –COOH; acidic due to resonance-stabilised carboxylate.
\n
Acyl Chloride (Acid Chloride): R–CO–Cl, highly reactive derivative of carboxylic acids used for acylation.
\n
Nucleophilic Addition: Mechanism where a nucleophile attacks Cδ+ of C=O to give a tetrahedral intermediate.
\n
Cyanohydrin: Product of HCN addition to a carbonyl (R–C(OH)–CN), useful for chain extension.
\n
Bisulfite Addition: Reversible addition of NaHSO3 to carbonyls forming water-soluble adducts used for purification.
\n
Hemiacetal / Acetal: Hemiacetal = R–C(OH)(OR′); acetal = R–C(OR′)2 formed by alcohol addition (acetal = protected carbonyl).
\n
Imine (Schiff Base): C=NR formed by condensation of carbonyl with primary amine (–H eliminated).
\n
Oxime / Hydrazone / Semicarbazone: C=N derivatives (from hydroxylamine, hydrazine, semicarbazide) used for characterization.
\n
Clemmensen Reduction: Zn(Hg)/HCl reduction of C=O → CH2 (useful for acid-sensitive substrates).
\n
Wolff–Kishner Reduction: NH2NH2 / KOH, high-temp reduction of C=O → CH2 (strongly basic conditions).
\n
Tollen’s Test: Ag(NH3)+2 oxidises aldehydes to carboxylates; gives silver mirror (detects aldehydes).
\n
Fehling’s Test: Cu2+ (alkaline) reduces to Cu2O (brick-red) with aliphatic aldehydes (not aromatic).
\n
Aldol Condensation: Base/acid-catalysed coupling of carbonyls forming β-hydroxy carbonyls → α,β-unsaturated carbonyls on dehydration.
\n
Cross-aldol: Aldol between two different carbonyls leading to mixed products (regioselectivity matters).
\n
Cannizzaro Reaction: Disproportionation of non-enolisable aldehydes in conc. base → one molecule reduced to alcohol, one oxidised to acid.
\n
Rosenmund Reduction: H2 / Pd–BaSO4 hydrogenation of acyl chlorides → aldehydes (partial reduction).
\n
Stephen Reaction: Reduction of nitriles (SnCl2/HCl) to iminium then hydrolysis to aldehyde.
\n
DIBAL-H / LiAlH(i-Bu)2: Selective hydride reagents — DIBAL at low temp reduces esters/nitriles to aldehydes; LiAlH4 fully reduces to alcohols.
\n
Popov’s Rule (Oxidative Cleavage): In oxidation of unsymmetrical ketones, the C–CO bond breaking pattern leaves the keto carbon with the smaller alkyl group.
\n
Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky (HVZ) Reaction: α-halogenation of carboxylic acids via acyl halide intermediate (X2 / P).
\n
Esterification (Fischer): Acid-catalysed reversible condensation of carboxylic acid + alcohol → ester + water.
\n
Decarboxylation: Loss of CO2 from carboxylates on heating (e.g., with soda-lime) yielding hydrocarbon (often 1 C less).
\n
Acid Derivatives Interconversions: Carboxylic acids → acyl chlorides (SOCl2/PCl5), anhydrides, esters, amides — key synthetic transformations.
\n
Acidity Factors: Electron-withdrawing groups (EWG) increase carboxylic acid acidity; resonance stabilisation of anion is crucial.
", "type": "CS", "type_uncertain": false, "options": {}, "correct_option": null, "images": [ { "id": "img-0", "path": "Chapter8/EQ-1214-140645.png", "position": "answer", "context": "(b) CH 3 COONa + NaOH CH 4 + Na 2 CO 3" } ], "tables": [], "metadata": { "source_class": "Question_S2-to-S4_Que_Casestudy_01", "marks": 0, "deduction_level": 0, "original_raw_text": " A chemical industry synthesizes perfume aldehydes, ketons for polymers and carboxylic acid for soaps.\n\tTo optimize production, they study Cannizzaro reaction, Aldol condensation, decarboxylation, esterification and oxidation of 1° and 2° alcohols.\n\tThey conduct experiments:\n(i)\tBenzaldehyde gives Cannizzaro Reaction in concentrated base.\n(ii)\tAcetaldehyde undergoes aldol condensation.\n(iii)\tHeating sodium acetate with soda lime gives methane (decarboxylation).\n(iv)\tEthanol + Acetic Acid → Ethyl acetate.\n(v)\tAcidified KMnO4 oxidizes toluene → benzoic Acid.\n\tAdditional insight :\nAldehydes witho", "source_html": "Chapter8", "sub_questions": [ { "label": "(i)", "question": "Benzaldehyde gives Cannizzaro Reaction in concentrated base.", "answer": "" }, { "label": "(ii)", "question": "Acetaldehyde undergoes aldol condensation.", "answer": "Acetaldehyde had α - hydrogen, so form enolate → undergoes aldol condensation." }, { "label": "(iii)", "question": "Heating sodium acetate with soda lime gives methane (decarboxylation).", "answer": "" }, { "label": "(iv)", "question": "Ethanol + Acetic Acid → Ethyl acetate.", "answer": "" }, { "label": "(v)", "question": "Acidified KMnO 4 oxidizes toluene → benzoic Acid.\nAdditional insight :\nAldehydes without α - hydrogen → Cannizzaro.\nAldehydes with α - hydrogen → Aldol\nCarboxylic acid lose CO 2 during decarboxylation.\n(a) Why does benzaldehyde undergoes Cannizzaro reaction while acetaldehyde undergoes aldol condensation?\n(b) Write the product and mechanism type when sodium acetate is heated with soda lime.\n(c) Explain why esterification requires acid catalyst.\n(d) Predict the product when benzaldehyde + NaOH (Conc.) react.", "answer": "" } ], "section": "Case Study Based Q & A", "section_id": "3.12", "needs_review": true, "needs_optsplit_review": true, "optsplit_review_reason": "answer body is an option list (A/B/C/D) — options mis-routed into the answer; they belong to the question" } } ] } ], "unassigned": [], "warnings": [ "[answer-key] 24 consolidated answer-key block(s) matched no MCQ run: 1-10, 11-12, 1-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70, 71-80, 81-90, 91-100, 101-110, 111-120, 121-130, 131-140, 141-150, 151-160, 161-170, 171-180, 181-190, 191-200, 201-210, 211-214 — an MCQ run may be missing its answers; see ANSWER-DETECTION.md", "[vector-figure] rendered 0 group(s) as single images, 2 FAILED (left as-is)", "Removed noise images: 59 section banners, 55 marks/year/topic badges, 25 note/clarification/puzzle callouts", "Dropped running headers/banners from content: 1 repeating header pattern(s)", "[figure] 21 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serif;\n\tfont-size:11px;\n\tfont-style:normal;\n\tfont-variant:normal;\n\tfont-weight:bold;\n\tline-height:1.31;\n\tmargin-bottom:3px;\n\tmargin-left:28px;\n\tmargin-right:0;\n\tmargin-top:6px;\n\torphans:1;\n\tpage-break-after:auto;\n\tpage-break-before:auto;\n\ttext-align:justify;\n\ttext-align-last:left;\n\ttext-decoration:none;\n\ttext-indent:-28px;\n\ttext-transform:none;\n\twidows:1;\n}\np.Question_S2-to-S4_Que_Casestudy_01 {\n\t-epub-hyphens:none;\n\tcolor:#000000;\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\", serif;\n\tfont-size:11px;\n\tfont-style:normal;\n\tfont-variant:normal;\n\tfont-weight:normal;\n\tline-height:1.25;\n\tmargin-bottom:0;\n\tmargin-left:23px;\n\tmargin-right:0;\n\tmargin-top:6px;\n\torphans:1;\n\tpage-break-after:auto;\n\tpage-break-before:auto;\n\ttext-align:justify;\n\ttext-align-last:left;\n\ttext-decoration:none;\n\ttext-indent:-23px;\n\ttext-transform:none;\n\twidows:1;\n}\np.Question_S2-to-S4_Questions_S2-to-S4 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{\n\t-epub-hyphens:none;\n\tcolor:#000000;\n\tfont-family:\"B Bharati TitleLightTwo\", sans-serif;\n\tfont-size:12px;\n\tfont-style:normal;\n\tfont-variant:normal;\n\tfont-weight:normal;\n\tline-height:1.25;\n\tmargin-bottom:6px;\n\tmargin-left:0;\n\tmargin-right:0;\n\tmargin-top:6px;\n\torphans:1;\n\tpage-break-after:auto;\n\tpage-break-before:auto;\n\ttext-align:justify;\n\ttext-align-last:left;\n\ttext-decoration:none;\n\ttext-indent:0;\n\ttext-transform:none;\n\twidows:1;\n}\nli.body-text-copy {\n\t-epub-hyphens:none;\n\tcolor:#000000;\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\", serif;\n\tfont-size:11px;\n\tfont-style:normal;\n\tfont-variant:normal;\n\tfont-weight:normal;\n\tline-height:1.5;\n\tlist-style-position:outside;\n\tmargin-bottom:0;\n\tmargin-left:28px;\n\tmargin-right:0;\n\tmargin-top:0;\n\torphans:1;\n\tpage-break-after:auto;\n\tpage-break-before:auto;\n\ttext-align:justify;\n\ttext-align-last:left;\n\ttext-decoration:none;\n\ttext-indent:0;\n\ttext-transform:none;\n\twidows:1;\n}\nspan.Biology-Character-Style-1_Alok-Two {\n\tcolor:#000000;\n\tfont-family:\"B Bharati AlokTwo\", sans-serif;\n\tfont-size:12px;\n\tfont-style:normal;\n\tfont-weight:normal;\n}\nspan.Biology-Character-Style-1_CaseStudy-Number {\n\tcolor:#ec008c;\n\tfont-family:\"Myriad Pro\", sans-serif;\n\tfont-size:11px;\n\tfont-style:normal;\n\tfont-weight:bold;\n}\nspan.Biology-Character-Style-1_English {\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\", serif;\n\tfont-size:10px;\n\tfont-style:normal;\n\tfont-weight:normal;\n}\nspan.Biology-Character-Style-1_Enlighs-Bold {\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\", serif;\n\tfont-size:10px;\n\tfont-style:normal;\n\tfont-weight:bold;\n}\nspan.Biology-Character-Style-1_Ques-Number {\n\tcolor:#11aea7;\n\tfont-family:\"Myriad Pro\", sans-serif;\n\tfont-size:11px;\n\tfont-style:normal;\n\tfont-weight:bold;\n}\nspan.Character-Style-13 {\n\tfont-family:\"B Bharati TitleLightTwo\", sans-serif;\n\tfont-size:13px;\n\tfont-style:normal;\n\tfont-variant:normal;\n\tfont-weight:normal;\n\ttext-transform:none;\n}\nspan.Character-Style-13-copy {\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\", serif;\n\tfont-size:11px;\n\tfont-style:italic;\n\tfont-variant:normal;\n\tfont-weight:normal;\n\ttext-transform:none;\n}\nspan.Character-Style-2 {\n\tcolor:#00aeef;\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\", serif;\n\tfont-size:8px;\n\tfont-style:normal;\n\tfont-variant:normal;\n\tfont-weight:normal;\n\ttext-transform:none;\n}\nspan.Character-Style-5 {\n\tcolor:#939598;\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\", serif;\n\tfont-size:10px;\n\tfont-style:normal;\n\tfont-variant:normal;\n\tfont-weight:normal;\n\ttext-transform:none;\n}\nspan.Chemistry-Character-Style-1_English {\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\", serif;\n\tfont-size:11px;\n\tfont-style:normal;\n\tfont-weight:normal;\n}\nspan.Chemistry-Character-Style-1_Enlighs-Bold {\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\", serif;\n\tfont-size:11px;\n\tfont-style:normal;\n\tfont-weight:bold;\n}\nspan.Chemistry-Character-Style-1_Ques-Number {\n\tcolor:#008bbf;\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\", serif;\n\tfont-size:11px;\n\tfont-style:normal;\n\tfont-weight:bold;\n}\nspan.Chemistry-Character-Style-1_Ques-Number-2 {\n\tcolor:#ec008c;\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\", serif;\n\tfont-size:11px;\n\tfont-style:normal;\n\tfont-weight:bold;\n}\nspan.English {\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\", serif;\n\tfont-size:10px;\n\tfont-style:normal;\n\tfont-weight:normal;\n}\nspan.English-bold {\n\tfont-family:Calibri, sans-serif;\n\tfont-size:12px;\n\tfont-style:normal;\n\tfont-weight:bold;\n}\nspan.Marks-Magenta {\n\tcolor:#ec008c;\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\", serif;\n\tfont-size:8px;\n\tfont-style:normal;\n\tfont-weight:bold;\n}\nspan.Mind-Map-English-Bold {\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\", serif;\n\tfont-size:10px;\n\tfont-style:normal;\n\tfont-weight:bold;\n}\nspan.Myriad-Pro {\n\tfont-family:\"Myriad Pro\", sans-serif;\n\tfont-style:normal;\n\tfont-weight:bold;\n}\nspan.Normal-English {\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\", serif;\n\tfont-size:11px;\n\tfont-style:normal;\n\tfont-variant:normal;\n\tfont-weight:normal;\n\ttext-transform:none;\n}\nspan.Normal-English-Bold {\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\", serif;\n\tfont-size:11px;\n\tfont-style:normal;\n\tfont-variant:normal;\n\tfont-weight:bold;\n\ttext-transform:none;\n}\nspan.Physics-Character-Style-1_Title-Two {\n\tcolor:#000000;\n\tfont-family:\"B Bharati TitleTwo\", sans-serif;\n\tfont-size:12px;\n\tfont-style:normal;\n\tfont-weight:normal;\n}\ntable.TableOverride-1 {\n\tborder-collapse:collapse;\n\tmargin-left:28px;\n}\ntable.TableOverride-2 {\n\tborder-collapse:collapse;\n}\ntable.TableOverride-3 {\n\tborder-collapse:collapse;\n\tmargin-left:auto;\n\tmargin-right:auto;\n}\ntable.TableOverride-4 {\n\tborder-collapse:collapse;\n\tmargin-left:23px;\n}\ntable.TableOverride-5 {\n\tborder-collapse:collapse;\n\tborder-width:1px;\n\tmargin-bottom:-4px;\n\tmargin-top:4px;\n}\ntd.CellOverride-1 {\n\tbackground-color:#d8e3d6;\n\tborder-bottom-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-bottom-style:solid;\n\tborder-bottom-width:1px;\n\tborder-left-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-left-style:solid;\n\tborder-left-width:1px;\n\tborder-right-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-right-style:solid;\n\tborder-right-width:1px;\n\tborder-top-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-top-style:solid;\n\tborder-top-width:1px;\n\tpadding-bottom:7px;\n\tpadding-top:7px;\n\tvertical-align:middle;\n}\ntd.CellOverride-2 {\n\tbackground-color:#d8e3d6;\n\tborder-bottom-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-bottom-style:solid;\n\tborder-bottom-width:1px;\n\tborder-left-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-left-style:solid;\n\tborder-left-width:1px;\n\tborder-right-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-right-style:solid;\n\tborder-right-width:1px;\n\tborder-top-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-top-style:solid;\n\tborder-top-width:1px;\n\tpadding-bottom:7px;\n\tpadding-top:7px;\n}\ntd.CellOverride-3 {\n\tbackground-color:#eff3ee;\n\tborder-bottom-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-bottom-style:solid;\n\tborder-bottom-width:1px;\n\tborder-left-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-left-style:solid;\n\tborder-left-width:1px;\n\tborder-right-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-right-style:solid;\n\tborder-right-width:1px;\n\tborder-top-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-top-style:solid;\n\tborder-top-width:1px;\n\tpadding-bottom:7px;\n\tpadding-top:7px;\n}\ntd.CellOverride-4 {\n\tbackground-color:#eff3ee;\n\tborder-bottom-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-bottom-style:solid;\n\tborder-bottom-width:1px;\n\tborder-left-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-left-style:solid;\n\tborder-left-width:1px;\n\tborder-right-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-right-style:solid;\n\tborder-right-width:1px;\n\tborder-top-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-top-style:solid;\n\tborder-top-width:1px;\n\tpadding-bottom:7px;\n\tpadding-top:7px;\n\tvertical-align:middle;\n}\ntd.CellOverride-5 {\n\tbackground-color:#eff3ee;\n\tborder-bottom-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-bottom-style:solid;\n\tborder-bottom-width:1px;\n\tborder-left-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-left-style:solid;\n\tborder-left-width:1px;\n\tborder-right-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-right-style:solid;\n\tborder-right-width:1px;\n\tborder-top-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-top-style:solid;\n\tborder-top-width:1px;\n\tpadding-bottom:7px;\n\tpadding-top:4px;\n}\ntd.CellOverride-6 {\n\tbackground-color:#ebf0f9;\n\tborder-bottom-color:#6ba7db;\n\tborder-bottom-style:solid;\n\tborder-bottom-width:1px;\n\tborder-left-color:#6ba7db;\n\tborder-left-style:solid;\n\tborder-left-width:1px;\n\tborder-right-color:#aac8e9;\n\tborder-right-style:solid;\n\tborder-right-width:1px;\n\tborder-top-color:#6ba7db;\n\tborder-top-style:solid;\n\tborder-top-width:1px;\n\tpadding-bottom:6px;\n\tpadding-top:6px;\n}\ntd.CellOverride-7 {\n\tbackground-color:#ebf0f9;\n\tborder-bottom-color:#6ba7db;\n\tborder-bottom-style:solid;\n\tborder-bottom-width:1px;\n\tborder-left-color:#aac8e9;\n\tborder-left-style:solid;\n\tborder-left-width:1px;\n\tborder-right-color:#aac8e9;\n\tborder-right-style:solid;\n\tborder-right-width:1px;\n\tborder-top-color:#6ba7db;\n\tborder-top-style:solid;\n\tborder-top-width:1px;\n\tpadding-bottom:6px;\n\tpadding-top:6px;\n}\ntd.CellOverride-8 {\n\tbackground-color:#ebf0f9;\n\tborder-bottom-color:#6ba7db;\n\tborder-bottom-style:solid;\n\tborder-bottom-width:1px;\n\tborder-left-color:#aac8e9;\n\tborder-left-style:solid;\n\tborder-left-width:1px;\n\tborder-right-color:#6ba7db;\n\tborder-right-style:solid;\n\tborder-right-width:1px;\n\tborder-top-color:#6ba7db;\n\tborder-top-style:solid;\n\tborder-top-width:1px;\n\tpadding-bottom:6px;\n\tpadding-top:6px;\n}\ntd.CellOverride-9 {\n\tbackground-color:#ffffff;\n\tborder-bottom-color:#6ba7db;\n\tborder-bottom-style:solid;\n\tborder-bottom-width:1px;\n\tborder-left-color:#6ba7db;\n\tborder-left-style:solid;\n\tborder-left-width:1px;\n\tborder-right-color:#aac8e9;\n\tborder-right-style:solid;\n\tborder-right-width:1px;\n\tborder-top-color:#6ba7db;\n\tborder-top-style:solid;\n\tborder-top-width:1px;\n}\ntd.CellOverride-10 {\n\tbackground-color:#ffffff;\n\tborder-bottom-color:#6ba7db;\n\tborder-bottom-style:solid;\n\tborder-bottom-width:1px;\n\tborder-left-color:#aac8e9;\n\tborder-left-style:solid;\n\tborder-left-width:1px;\n\tborder-right-color:#6ba7db;\n\tborder-right-style:solid;\n\tborder-right-width:1px;\n\tborder-top-color:#6ba7db;\n\tborder-top-style:solid;\n\tborder-top-width:1px;\n}\ntd.CellOverride-11 {\n\tbackground-color:#ffffff;\n\tborder-bottom-color:#6ba7db;\n\tborder-bottom-style:solid;\n\tborder-bottom-width:1px;\n\tborder-left-color:#aac8e9;\n\tborder-left-style:solid;\n\tborder-left-width:1px;\n\tborder-right-color:#aac8e9;\n\tborder-right-style:solid;\n\tborder-right-width:1px;\n\tborder-top-color:#6ba7db;\n\tborder-top-style:solid;\n\tborder-top-width:1px;\n}\ntd.CellOverride-12 {\n\tbackground-color:#d8e3d6;\n\tborder-bottom-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-bottom-style:solid;\n\tborder-bottom-width:1px;\n\tborder-left-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-left-style:solid;\n\tborder-left-width:1px;\n\tborder-right-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-right-style:solid;\n\tborder-right-width:1px;\n\tborder-top-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-top-style:solid;\n\tborder-top-width:1px;\n\tpadding-bottom:7px;\n\tpadding-left:0px;\n\tpadding-right:0px;\n\tpadding-top:6px;\n\tvertical-align:middle;\n}\ntd.CellOverride-13 {\n\tbackground-color:#eff3ee;\n\tborder-bottom-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-bottom-style:solid;\n\tborder-bottom-width:1px;\n\tborder-left-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-left-style:solid;\n\tborder-left-width:1px;\n\tborder-right-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-right-style:solid;\n\tborder-right-width:1px;\n\tborder-top-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-top-style:solid;\n\tborder-top-width:1px;\n\tpadding-bottom:7px;\n\tpadding-left:0px;\n\tpadding-right:0px;\n\tpadding-top:6px;\n}\ntd.CellOverride-14 {\n\tbackground-color:#d8e3d6;\n\tborder-bottom-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-bottom-style:solid;\n\tborder-bottom-width:1px;\n\tborder-left-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-left-style:solid;\n\tborder-left-width:1px;\n\tborder-right-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-right-style:solid;\n\tborder-right-width:1px;\n\tborder-top-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-top-style:solid;\n\tborder-top-width:1px;\n\tpadding-bottom:9px;\n\tpadding-top:6px;\n}\ntd.CellOverride-15 {\n\tbackground-color:#eff3ee;\n\tborder-bottom-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-bottom-style:solid;\n\tborder-bottom-width:1px;\n\tborder-left-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-left-style:solid;\n\tborder-left-width:1px;\n\tborder-right-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-right-style:solid;\n\tborder-right-width:1px;\n\tborder-top-color:#8bb490;\n\tborder-top-style:solid;\n\tborder-top-width:1px;\n\tpadding-bottom:9px;\n\tpadding-top:6px;\n}\ntd.CellOverride-16 {\n\tbackground-color:#5aa0d7;\n\tborder-bottom-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-bottom-style:solid;\n\tborder-bottom-width:1px;\n\tborder-left-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-left-style:solid;\n\tborder-left-width:1px;\n\tborder-right-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-right-style:solid;\n\tborder-right-width:1px;\n\tborder-top-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-top-style:solid;\n\tborder-top-width:1px;\n\tpadding-bottom:4px;\n\tpadding-top:4px;\n\tvertical-align:middle;\n}\ntd.CellOverride-17 {\n\tbackground-color:#f0f4fb;\n\tborder-bottom-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-bottom-style:solid;\n\tborder-bottom-width:1px;\n\tborder-left-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-left-style:solid;\n\tborder-left-width:1px;\n\tborder-right-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-right-style:solid;\n\tborder-right-width:1px;\n\tborder-top-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-top-style:solid;\n\tborder-top-width:1px;\n\tpadding-bottom:4px;\n\tpadding-top:4px;\n\tvertical-align:middle;\n}\ntd.CellOverride-18 {\n\tborder-bottom-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-bottom-style:solid;\n\tborder-bottom-width:1px;\n\tborder-left-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-left-style:solid;\n\tborder-left-width:1px;\n\tborder-right-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-right-style:solid;\n\tborder-right-width:1px;\n\tborder-top-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-top-style:solid;\n\tborder-top-width:1px;\n\tpadding-bottom:3px;\n\tpadding-top:3px;\n\tvertical-align:middle;\n}\ntd.CellOverride-19 {\n\tborder-bottom-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-bottom-style:solid;\n\tborder-bottom-width:1px;\n\tborder-left-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-left-style:solid;\n\tborder-left-width:1px;\n\tborder-right-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-right-style:solid;\n\tborder-right-width:1px;\n\tborder-top-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-top-style:solid;\n\tborder-top-width:1px;\n\tpadding-bottom:4px;\n\tpadding-top:4px;\n\tvertical-align:top;\n}\ntd.CellOverride-20 {\n\tborder-bottom-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-bottom-style:solid;\n\tborder-bottom-width:1px;\n\tborder-left-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-left-style:solid;\n\tborder-left-width:1px;\n\tborder-right-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-right-style:solid;\n\tborder-right-width:1px;\n\tborder-top-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-top-style:solid;\n\tborder-top-width:1px;\n\tpadding-bottom:4px;\n\tpadding-top:4px;\n\tvertical-align:middle;\n}\ntd.CellOverride-21 {\n\tborder-bottom-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-bottom-style:solid;\n\tborder-bottom-width:1px;\n\tborder-left-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-left-style:solid;\n\tborder-left-width:1px;\n\tborder-right-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-right-style:solid;\n\tborder-right-width:1px;\n\tborder-top-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-top-style:solid;\n\tborder-top-width:1px;\n\tpadding-bottom:6px;\n\tpadding-top:6px;\n\tvertical-align:top;\n}\ntd.CellOverride-22 {\n\tborder-bottom-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-bottom-style:solid;\n\tborder-bottom-width:1px;\n\tborder-left-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-left-style:solid;\n\tborder-left-width:1px;\n\tborder-right-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-right-style:solid;\n\tborder-right-width:1px;\n\tborder-top-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-top-style:solid;\n\tborder-top-width:1px;\n\tpadding-bottom:6px;\n\tpadding-top:6px;\n\tvertical-align:middle;\n}\ntd.CellOverride-23 {\n\tborder-bottom-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-bottom-style:solid;\n\tborder-bottom-width:1px;\n\tborder-left-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-left-style:solid;\n\tborder-left-width:1px;\n\tborder-right-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-right-style:solid;\n\tborder-right-width:1px;\n\tborder-top-color:#9bbfe5;\n\tborder-top-style:solid;\n\tborder-top-width:1px;\n\tpadding-bottom:6px;\n\tpadding-top:6px;\n}\ntd.CellOverride-24 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0%;\n\theight:23.95px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\toverflow:hidden;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(7.051px,2.771px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(7.051px,2.771px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:284.30px;\n\tz-index:0;\n}\n#_idContainer244 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(113.692px,2.898px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(113.692px,2.898px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:29.70px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(113.692px,2.898px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(113.692px,2.898px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:291.35px;\n\tz-index:1;\n}\n#_idContainer290 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(7.051px,2.771px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(7.051px,2.771px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:23.95px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\toverflow:hidden;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(7.051px,2.771px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(7.051px,2.771px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:366.13px;\n\tz-index:0;\n}\n#_idContainer291 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(72.779px,2.898px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(72.779px,2.898px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:29.70px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(72.779px,2.898px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(72.779px,2.898px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:373.18px;\n\tz-index:1;\n}\n#_idContainer428 {\n\tdisplay:inline-block;\n\theight:56px;\n\twidth:362px;\n}\n#_idContainer458 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(7.051px,2.771px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(7.051px,2.771px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:23.95px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\toverflow:hidden;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(7.051px,2.771px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(7.051px,2.771px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:264.10px;\n\tz-index:0;\n}\n#_idContainer459 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(123.792px,2.898px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(123.792px,2.898px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:29.70px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(123.792px,2.898px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(123.792px,2.898px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:271.16px;\n\tz-index:1;\n}\n#_idContainer598 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,9.609px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,9.609px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:444.55px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\toverflow:hidden;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,9.609px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,9.609px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:512.74px;\n\tz-index:0;\n}\n#_idContainer599 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(7.370px,28.346px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(7.370px,28.346px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:423.24px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\toverflow:hidden;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(7.370px,28.346px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(7.370px,28.346px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:504.00px;\n\tz-index:2;\n}\n#_idContainer600 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(229.731px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(229.731px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:20.30px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\toverflow:hidden;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(229.731px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(229.731px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:59.53px;\n\tz-index:1;\n}\n#_idContainer601 {\n\tdisplay:inline-block;\n\theight:460px;\n\tposition:relative;\n\twidth:519px;\n}\n#_idContainer602 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,11.175px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,11.175px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:0.00px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,11.175px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,11.175px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:517.74px;\n\tz-index:0;\n}\n#_idContainer603 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(202.677px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(202.677px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:22.85px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\toverflow:hidden;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(202.677px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(202.677px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:113.39px;\n\tz-index:1;\n}\n#_idContainer604 {\n\tdisplay:inline-block;\n\theight:23px;\n\tposition:relative;\n\twidth:519px;\n}\n#_idContainer640 {\n\tdisplay:inline-block;\n\theight:400px;\n\tposition:relative;\n\twidth:0px;\n}\n#_idContainer665, #_idContainer666, #_idContainer693, #_idContainer694, #_idContainer726, #_idContainer727, #_idContainer755, #_idContainer756 {\n\tdisplay:inline-block;\n\theight:708px;\n\tposition:relative;\n\twidth:0px;\n}\n#_idContainer766 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(7.051px,2.771px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(7.051px,2.771px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:23.95px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\toverflow:hidden;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(7.051px,2.771px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(7.051px,2.771px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:313.22px;\n\tz-index:0;\n}\n#_idContainer767 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(99.236px,2.898px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(99.236px,2.898px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:29.70px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(99.236px,2.898px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(99.236px,2.898px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:320.27px;\n\tz-index:1;\n}\n#_idContainer778 {\n\tdisplay:inline-block;\n\theight:374px;\n\tposition:relative;\n\twidth:0px;\n}\n#_idContainer782 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,11.338px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,11.338px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:607.47px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\toverflow:hidden;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,11.338px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,11.338px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:517.74px;\n\tz-index:0;\n}\n#_idContainer783 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:23.95px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\toverflow:hidden;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:94.02px;\n\tz-index:0;\n}\n#_idContainer784 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:17.69px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:17.69px;\n\tz-index:0;\n}\n#_idContainer785 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:15.55px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:11.65px;\n\tz-index:0;\n}\n#_idContainer786 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(2.150px,6.932px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(2.150px,6.932px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:6.24px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(2.150px,6.932px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(2.150px,6.932px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:7.35px;\n\tz-index:1;\n}\n#_idContainer787 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(4.018px,2.069px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(4.018px,2.069px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:15.55px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(4.018px,2.069px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(4.018px,2.069px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:11.65px;\n\tz-index:1;\n}\n#_idContainer788 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(4.655px,2.334px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(4.655px,2.334px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:19.69px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(4.655px,2.334px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(4.655px,2.334px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:19.69px;\n\tz-index:1;\n}\n#_idContainer789 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(213.068px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(213.068px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:23.95px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(213.068px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(213.068px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 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skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:39.69px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:39.69px;\n\tz-index:0;\n}\n#_idContainer793 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:27.44px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 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{\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.753px,3.197px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.753px,3.197px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:16.30px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(0.753px,3.197px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.753px,3.197px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:8.25px;\n\tz-index:1;\n}\n#_idContainer798 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(3.023px,2.091px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(3.023px,2.091px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:23.26px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(3.023px,2.091px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(3.023px,2.091px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:21.20px;\n\tz-index:1;\n}\n#_idContainer799 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(6.218px,5.984px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(6.218px,5.984px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:27.44px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(6.218px,5.984px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(6.218px,5.984px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:27.25px;\n\tz-index:1;\n}\n#_idContainer800 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:39.69px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:39.69px;\n\tz-index:1;\n}\n#_idContainer801 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:30.05px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:117.82px;\n\tz-index:0;\n}\n#_idContainer802 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(20.143px,6.586px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(20.143px,6.586px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:18.66px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\toverflow:hidden;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(20.143px,6.586px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(20.143px,6.586px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:91.98px;\n\tz-index:1;\n}\n#_idContainer803 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(19.842px,9.637px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(19.842px,9.637px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:30.05px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(19.842px,9.637px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(19.842px,9.637px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:117.82px;\n\tz-index:0;\n}\n#_idContainer804 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\tdisplay:inline-block;\n\theight:40px;\n\tposition:relative;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\twidth:138px;\n}\n#_idContainer822 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(180.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(180.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\tdisplay:inline-block;\n\theight:16px;\n\tposition:relative;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(180.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(180.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\twidth:1px;\n}\n#_idContainer823 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(180.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(180.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\tdisplay:inline-block;\n\theight:9px;\n\tposition:relative;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(180.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(180.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\twidth:1px;\n}\n#_idContainer824 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\tdisplay:inline-block;\n\theight:298px;\n\tposition:relative;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\twidth:44px;\n}\n#_idContainer825 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(90.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(90.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\tdisplay:inline-block;\n\theight:91px;\n\tposition:relative;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(90.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(90.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\twidth:0px;\n}\n#_idContainer827 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(180.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,-1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(180.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,-1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\tdisplay:inline-block;\n\theight:9px;\n\tposition:relative;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(180.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,-1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(180.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,-1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\twidth:1px;\n}\n#_idContainer828 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(90.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(90.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\tdisplay:inline-block;\n\theight:282px;\n\tposition:relative;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(90.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(90.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\twidth:0px;\n}\n#_idContainer835, #_idContainer855 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(180.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,-1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(180.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,-1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\tdisplay:inline-block;\n\theight:31px;\n\tposition:relative;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(180.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,-1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(180.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,-1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\twidth:1px;\n}\n#_idContainer836 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,146.163px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,146.163px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:102.05px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\toverflow:hidden;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,146.163px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,146.163px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:146.16px;\n\tz-index:0;\n}\n#_idContainer837 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(19.866px,127.140px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(19.866px,127.140px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:69.90px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\toverflow:hidden;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(19.866px,127.140px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(19.866px,127.140px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:113.39px;\n\tz-index:1;\n}\n#_idContainer838 {\n\tdisplay:inline-block;\n\theight:146px;\n\tposition:relative;\n\twidth:102px;\n}\n#_idContainer839 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\tdisplay:inline-block;\n\theight:17px;\n\tposition:relative;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\twidth:0px;\n}\n#_idContainer840 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\tdisplay:inline-block;\n\theight:10px;\n\tposition:relative;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\twidth:0px;\n}\n#_idContainer841 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\tdisplay:inline-block;\n\theight:11px;\n\tposition:relative;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\twidth:1px;\n}\n#_idContainer842 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\tdisplay:inline-block;\n\theight:23px;\n\tposition:relative;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\twidth:0px;\n}\n#_idContainer843 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\tdisplay:inline-block;\n\theight:260px;\n\tposition:relative;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(270.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\twidth:0px;\n}\n#_idContainer844 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(90.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(90.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\tdisplay:inline-block;\n\theight:14px;\n\tposition:relative;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(90.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(90.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\twidth:0px;\n}\n#_idContainer857 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(90.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,-1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(90.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,-1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\tdisplay:inline-block;\n\theight:16px;\n\tposition:relative;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(90.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,-1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(90.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,-1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\twidth:1px;\n}\n#_idContainer861 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(90.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,-1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(90.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,-1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:50% 50%;\n\tdisplay:inline-block;\n\theight:44px;\n\tposition:relative;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(90.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,-1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(90.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,-1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\ttransform-origin:50% 50%;\n\twidth:1px;\n}\n#_idContainer865 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:27.63px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\toverflow:hidden;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,0.000px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:517.61px;\n\tz-index:0;\n}\n#_idContainer866 {\n\t-ms-transform:translate(0.000px,38.534px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\t-webkit-transform:translate(0.000px,38.534px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\t-webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;\n\theight:670.13px;\n\tleft:0px;\n\toverflow:hidden;\n\tposition:absolute;\n\ttop:0px;\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,38.534px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform:translate(0.000px,38.534px) rotate(0.000deg) skew(0.000deg) scale(1.000,1.000);\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\ttransform-origin:0% 0%;\n\twidth:518.74px;\n\tz-index:1;\n}\n#_idContainer867 {\n\tdisplay:inline-block;\n\theight:709px;\n\tposition:relative;\n\twidth:519px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-1 {\n\theight:100.00%;\n\tmin-width:100%;\n\twidth:100.00%;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-2 {\n\theight:24px;\n\twidth:253px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-3 {\n\theight:13px;\n\twidth:35px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-4 {\n\theight:81px;\n\twidth:124px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-5 {\n\theight:82px;\n\twidth:91px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-6 {\n\theight:84px;\n\twidth:214px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-7 {\n\theight:89px;\n\twidth:208px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-8 {\n\theight:137px;\n\twidth:247px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-9 {\n\theight:37px;\n\twidth:252px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-10 {\n\theight:13px;\n\twidth:56px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-11 {\n\theight:34px;\n\twidth:55px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-12 {\n\theight:49px;\n\twidth:96px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-13 {\n\theight:39px;\n\twidth:60px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-14 {\n\theight:53px;\n\twidth:65px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-15 {\n\theight:53px;\n\twidth:87px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-16 {\n\theight:53px;\n\twidth:68px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-17 {\n\theight:31px;\n\twidth:81px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-18 {\n\theight:39px;\n\twidth:55px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-19 {\n\theight:44px;\n\twidth:50px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-20 {\n\theight:13px;\n\twidth:33px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-21 {\n\theight:76px;\n\twidth:238px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-22 {\n\theight:54px;\n\twidth:64px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-23 {\n\theight:22px;\n\twidth:34px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-24 {\n\theight:23px;\n\twidth:94px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-25 {\n\theight:19px;\n\twidth:34px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-26 {\n\theight:65px;\n\twidth:180px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-27 {\n\theight:28px;\n\twidth:136px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-28 {\n\theight:41px;\n\twidth:161px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-29 {\n\theight:41px;\n\twidth:152px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-30 {\n\theight:51px;\n\twidth:190px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-31 {\n\theight:215px;\n\twidth:194px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-32 {\n\theight:102px;\n\twidth:222px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-33 {\n\theight:101px;\n\twidth:235px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-34 {\n\theight:79px;\n\twidth:206px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-35 {\n\theight:7px;\n\twidth:16px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-36 {\n\theight:24px;\n\twidth:34px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-37 {\n\theight:37px;\n\twidth:151px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-38 {\n\theight:37px;\n\twidth:205px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-39 {\n\theight:52px;\n\twidth:244px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-40 {\n\theight:13px;\n\twidth:79px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-41 {\n\theight:53px;\n\twidth:201px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-42 {\n\theight:53px;\n\twidth:81px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-43 {\n\theight:42px;\n\twidth:243px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-44 {\n\theight:54px;\n\twidth:85px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-45 {\n\theight:52px;\n\twidth:172px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-46 {\n\theight:52px;\n\twidth:115px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-47 {\n\theight:54px;\n\twidth:203px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-48 {\n\theight:25px;\n\twidth:203px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-49 {\n\theight:46px;\n\twidth:192px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-50 {\n\theight:119px;\n\twidth:195px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-51 {\n\theight:58px;\n\twidth:230px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-52 {\n\theight:286px;\n\twidth:256px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-53 {\n\theight:58px;\n\twidth:216px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-54 {\n\theight:319px;\n\twidth:256px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-55 {\n\theight:181px;\n\twidth:239px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-56 {\n\theight:13px;\n\twidth:86px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-57 {\n\theight:248px;\n\twidth:256px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-58 {\n\theight:138px;\n\twidth:184px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-59 {\n\theight:51px;\n\twidth:217px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-60 {\n\theight:63px;\n\twidth:209px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-61 {\n\theight:59px;\n\twidth:241px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-62 {\n\theight:98px;\n\twidth:217px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-63 {\n\theight:108px;\n\twidth:216px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-64 {\n\theight:74px;\n\twidth:239px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-65 {\n\theight:140px;\n\twidth:233px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-66 {\n\theight:114px;\n\twidth:237px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-67 {\n\theight:17px;\n\twidth:35px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-68 {\n\theight:39px;\n\twidth:254px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-69 {\n\theight:17px;\n\twidth:46px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-70 {\n\theight:17px;\n\twidth:64px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-71 {\n\theight:20px;\n\twidth:63px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-72 {\n\theight:22px;\n\twidth:55px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-73 {\n\theight:22px;\n\twidth:93px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-74 {\n\theight:40px;\n\twidth:82px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-75 {\n\theight:40px;\n\twidth:120px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-76 {\n\theight:41px;\n\twidth:59px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-77 {\n\theight:41px;\n\twidth:97px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-78 {\n\theight:19px;\n\twidth:35px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-79 {\n\theight:60px;\n\twidth:151px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-80 {\n\theight:67px;\n\twidth:215px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-81 {\n\theight:13px;\n\twidth:122px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-82 {\n\theight:13px;\n\twidth:126px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-83 {\n\theight:31px;\n\twidth:156px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-84 {\n\theight:18px;\n\twidth:117px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-85 {\n\theight:64px;\n\twidth:225px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-86 {\n\theight:54px;\n\twidth:151px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-87 {\n\theight:95px;\n\twidth:176px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-88 {\n\theight:13px;\n\twidth:34px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-89 {\n\theight:21px;\n\twidth:44px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-90 {\n\theight:81px;\n\twidth:252px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-91 {\n\theight:71px;\n\twidth:252px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-92 {\n\theight:39px;\n\twidth:223px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-93 {\n\theight:52px;\n\twidth:229px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-94 {\n\theight:152px;\n\twidth:522px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-95 {\n\theight:318px;\n\twidth:522px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-96 {\n\theight:13px;\n\twidth:48px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-97 {\n\theight:13px;\n\twidth:77px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-98 {\n\theight:202px;\n\twidth:451px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-99 {\n\theight:13px;\n\twidth:83px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-100 {\n\theight:209px;\n\twidth:378px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-101 {\n\theight:94px;\n\twidth:394px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-102 {\n\theight:13px;\n\twidth:76px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-103 {\n\theight:127px;\n\twidth:381px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-104 {\n\theight:69px;\n\twidth:248px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-105 {\n\theight:275px;\n\twidth:252px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-106 {\n\theight:14px;\n\twidth:34px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-107 {\n\theight:41px;\n\twidth:66px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-108 {\n\theight:35px;\n\twidth:87px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-109 {\n\theight:13px;\n\twidth:51px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-110 {\n\theight:38px;\n\twidth:61px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-111 {\n\theight:33px;\n\twidth:73px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-112 {\n\theight:63px;\n\twidth:234px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-113 {\n\theight:36px;\n\twidth:252px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-114 {\n\theight:104px;\n\twidth:225px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-115 {\n\theight:118px;\n\twidth:364px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-116 {\n\theight:103px;\n\twidth:311px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-117 {\n\theight:65px;\n\twidth:239px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-118 {\n\theight:50px;\n\twidth:360px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-119 {\n\theight:63px;\n\twidth:409px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-120 {\n\theight:201px;\n\twidth:335px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-121 {\n\theight:148px;\n\twidth:315px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-122 {\n\theight:589px;\n\twidth:522px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-123 {\n\theight:58px;\n\twidth:200px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-124 {\n\theight:120px;\n\twidth:181px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-125 {\n\theight:17px;\n\twidth:8px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-126 {\n\theight:70px;\n\twidth:387px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-127 {\n\theight:83px;\n\twidth:370px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-128 {\n\theight:93px;\n\twidth:504px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-129 {\n\theight:5px;\n\twidth:316px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-130 {\n\theight:5px;\n\twidth:232px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-131 {\n\theight:5px;\n\twidth:170px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-132 {\n\theight:62px;\n\twidth:230px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-133 {\n\theight:118px;\n\twidth:214px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-134 {\n\theight:74px;\n\twidth:359px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-135 {\n\theight:21px;\n\twidth:30px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-136 {\n\theight:13px;\n\twidth:31px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-137 {\n\theight:86px;\n\twidth:223px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-138 {\n\theight:131px;\n\twidth:225px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-139 {\n\theight:145px;\n\twidth:252px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-140 {\n\theight:40px;\n\twidth:123px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-141 {\n\theight:51px;\n\twidth:158px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-142 {\n\theight:35px;\n\twidth:77px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-143 {\n\theight:41px;\n\twidth:170px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-144 {\n\theight:13px;\n\twidth:85px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-145 {\n\theight:93px;\n\twidth:171px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-146 {\n\theight:46px;\n\twidth:173px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-147 {\n\theight:142px;\n\twidth:200px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-148 {\n\theight:13px;\n\twidth:124px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-149 {\n\theight:46px;\n\twidth:136px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-150 {\n\theight:16px;\n\twidth:22px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-151 {\n\theight:49px;\n\twidth:206px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-152 {\n\theight:13px;\n\twidth:75px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-153 {\n\theight:33px;\n\twidth:245px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-154 {\n\theight:43px;\n\twidth:251px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-155 {\n\theight:66px;\n\twidth:226px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-156 {\n\theight:27px;\n\twidth:180px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-157 {\n\theight:35px;\n\twidth:194px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-158 {\n\theight:35px;\n\twidth:250px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-159 {\n\theight:69px;\n\twidth:252px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-160 {\n\theight:51px;\n\twidth:234px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-161 {\n\theight:87px;\n\twidth:186px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-162 {\n\theight:75px;\n\twidth:105px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-163 {\n\theight:96px;\n\twidth:235px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-164 {\n\theight:127px;\n\twidth:195px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-165 {\n\theight:76px;\n\twidth:223px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-166 {\n\theight:76px;\n\twidth:180px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-167 {\n\theight:14px;\n\twidth:72px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-168 {\n\theight:42px;\n\twidth:87px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-169 {\n\theight:42px;\n\twidth:118px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-170 {\n\theight:48px;\n\twidth:62px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-171 {\n\theight:42px;\n\twidth:137px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-172 {\n\theight:42px;\n\twidth:152px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-173 {\n\theight:47px;\n\twidth:102px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-174 {\n\theight:17px;\n\twidth:73px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-175 {\n\theight:67px;\n\twidth:174px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-176 {\n\theight:24px;\n\twidth:77px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-177 {\n\theight:84px;\n\twidth:111px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-178 {\n\theight:71px;\n\twidth:81px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-179 {\n\theight:68px;\n\twidth:101px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-180 {\n\theight:59px;\n\twidth:60px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-181 {\n\theight:82px;\n\twidth:36px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-182 {\n\theight:17px;\n\twidth:76px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-183 {\n\theight:14px;\n\twidth:93px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-184 {\n\theight:35px;\n\twidth:150px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-185 {\n\theight:53px;\n\twidth:193px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-186 {\n\theight:30px;\n\twidth:194px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-187 {\n\theight:70px;\n\twidth:186px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-188 {\n\theight:33px;\n\twidth:76px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-189 {\n\theight:67px;\n\twidth:139px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-190 {\n\theight:42px;\n\twidth:179px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-191 {\n\theight:58px;\n\twidth:118px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-192 {\n\theight:17px;\n\twidth:94px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-193 {\n\theight:49px;\n\twidth:76px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-194 {\n\theight:65px;\n\twidth:102px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-195 {\n\theight:17px;\n\twidth:97px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-196 {\n\theight:73px;\n\twidth:294px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-197 {\n\theight:68px;\n\twidth:300px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-198 {\n\theight:87px;\n\twidth:414px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-199 {\n\theight:17px;\n\twidth:93px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-200 {\n\theight:27px;\n\twidth:230px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-201 {\n\theight:21px;\n\twidth:36px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-202 {\n\theight:42px;\n\twidth:195px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-203 {\n\theight:111px;\n\twidth:223px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-204 {\n\theight:107px;\n\twidth:224px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-205 {\n\theight:98px;\n\twidth:232px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-206 {\n\theight:82px;\n\twidth:238px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-207 {\n\theight:93px;\n\twidth:249px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-208 {\n\theight:72px;\n\twidth:213px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-209 {\n\theight:44px;\n\twidth:248px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-210 {\n\theight:119px;\n\twidth:219px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-211 {\n\theight:17px;\n\twidth:18px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-212 {\n\theight:20px;\n\twidth:38px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-213 {\n\theight:7px;\n\twidth:24px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-214 {\n\theight:17px;\n\twidth:15px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-215 {\n\theight:128px;\n\twidth:250px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-216 {\n\theight:41px;\n\twidth:251px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-217 {\n\theight:30px;\n\twidth:152px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-218 {\n\theight:17px;\n\twidth:66px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-219 {\n\theight:41px;\n\twidth:93px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-220 {\n\theight:41px;\n\twidth:120px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-221 {\n\theight:22px;\n\twidth:86px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-222 {\n\theight:61px;\n\twidth:91px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-223 {\n\theight:58px;\n\twidth:110px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-224 {\n\theight:47px;\n\twidth:126px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-225 {\n\theight:40px;\n\twidth:131px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-226 {\n\theight:41px;\n\twidth:122px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-227 {\n\theight:31px;\n\twidth:53px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-228 {\n\theight:30px;\n\twidth:51px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-229 {\n\theight:48px;\n\twidth:189px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-230 {\n\theight:45px;\n\twidth:62px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-231 {\n\theight:46px;\n\twidth:81px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-232 {\n\theight:38px;\n\twidth:141px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-233 {\n\theight:54px;\n\twidth:188px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-234 {\n\theight:46px;\n\twidth:74px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-235 {\n\theight:181px;\n\twidth:248px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-236 {\n\theight:161px;\n\twidth:243px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-237 {\n\theight:141px;\n\twidth:230px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-238 {\n\theight:165px;\n\twidth:236px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-239 {\n\theight:142px;\n\twidth:252px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-240 {\n\theight:17px;\n\twidth:96px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-241 {\n\theight:150px;\n\twidth:233px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-242 {\n\theight:93px;\n\twidth:220px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-243 {\n\theight:77px;\n\twidth:252px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-244 {\n\theight:127px;\n\twidth:244px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-245 {\n\theight:114px;\n\twidth:219px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-246 {\n\theight:170px;\n\twidth:240px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-247 {\n\theight:13px;\n\twidth:46px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-248 {\n\theight:86px;\n\twidth:219px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-249 {\n\theight:68px;\n\twidth:216px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-250 {\n\theight:82px;\n\twidth:220px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-251 {\n\theight:92px;\n\twidth:217px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-252 {\n\theight:95px;\n\twidth:229px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-253 {\n\theight:83px;\n\twidth:224px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-254 {\n\theight:91px;\n\twidth:224px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-255 {\n\theight:17px;\n\twidth:127px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-256 {\n\theight:194px;\n\twidth:431px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-257 {\n\theight:125px;\n\twidth:215px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-258 {\n\theight:105px;\n\twidth:248px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-259 {\n\theight:17px;\n\twidth:87px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-260 {\n\theight:54px;\n\twidth:235px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-261 {\n\theight:85px;\n\twidth:251px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-262 {\n\theight:74px;\n\twidth:460px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-263 {\n\theight:70px;\n\twidth:329px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-264 {\n\theight:186px;\n\twidth:443px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-265 {\n\theight:121px;\n\twidth:443px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-266 {\n\theight:88px;\n\twidth:358px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-267 {\n\theight:51px;\n\twidth:414px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-268 {\n\theight:70px;\n\twidth:308px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-269 {\n\theight:38px;\n\twidth:342px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-270 {\n\theight:58px;\n\twidth:357px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-271 {\n\theight:39px;\n\twidth:366px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-272 {\n\theight:45px;\n\twidth:321px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-273 {\n\theight:57px;\n\twidth:377px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-274 {\n\theight:44px;\n\twidth:353px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-275 {\n\theight:64px;\n\twidth:365px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-276 {\n\theight:20px;\n\twidth:60px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-277 {\n\theight:68px;\n\twidth:376px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-278 {\n\theight:85px;\n\twidth:422px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-279 {\n\theight:32px;\n\twidth:83px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-280 {\n\theight:42px;\n\twidth:151px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-281 {\n\theight:48px;\n\twidth:136px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-282 {\n\theight:31px;\n\twidth:144px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-283 {\n\theight:61px;\n\twidth:154px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-284 {\n\theight:50px;\n\twidth:126px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-285 {\n\theight:47px;\n\twidth:144px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-286 {\n\theight:44px;\n\twidth:156px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-287 {\n\theight:34px;\n\twidth:178px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-288 {\n\theight:33px;\n\twidth:102px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-289 {\n\theight:31px;\n\twidth:183px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-290 {\n\theight:38px;\n\twidth:135px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-291 {\n\theight:42px;\n\twidth:209px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-292 {\n\theight:47px;\n\twidth:210px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-293 {\n\theight:22px;\n\twidth:89px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-294 {\n\theight:99px;\n\twidth:218px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-295 {\n\theight:49px;\n\twidth:218px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-296 {\n\theight:65px;\n\twidth:223px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-297 {\n\theight:106px;\n\twidth:233px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-298 {\n\theight:86px;\n\twidth:224px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-299 {\n\theight:31px;\n\twidth:194px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-300 {\n\theight:82px;\n\twidth:250px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-301 {\n\theight:37px;\n\twidth:210px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-302 {\n\theight:71px;\n\twidth:158px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-303 {\n\theight:55px;\n\twidth:208px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-304 {\n\theight:90px;\n\twidth:234px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-305 {\n\theight:22px;\n\twidth:50px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-306 {\n\theight:21px;\n\twidth:31px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-307 {\n\theight:21px;\n\twidth:25px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-308 {\n\theight:21px;\n\twidth:24px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-309 {\n\theight:205px;\n\twidth:220px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-310 {\n\theight:13px;\n\twidth:132px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-311 {\n\theight:13px;\n\twidth:106px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-312 {\n\theight:45px;\n\twidth:136px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-313 {\n\theight:13px;\n\twidth:78px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-314 {\n\theight:22px;\n\twidth:252px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-315 {\n\theight:36px;\n\twidth:86px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-316 {\n\theight:36px;\n\twidth:74px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-317 {\n\theight:36px;\n\twidth:101px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-318 {\n\theight:36px;\n\twidth:93px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-319 {\n\theight:42px;\n\twidth:46px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-320 {\n\theight:41px;\n\twidth:61px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-321 {\n\theight:38px;\n\twidth:54px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-322 {\n\theight:38px;\n\twidth:64px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-323 {\n\theight:38px;\n\twidth:60px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-324 {\n\theight:37px;\n\twidth:56px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-325 {\n\theight:25px;\n\twidth:56px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-326 {\n\theight:25px;\n\twidth:63px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-327 {\n\theight:28px;\n\twidth:89px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-328 {\n\theight:38px;\n\twidth:68px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-329 {\n\theight:25px;\n\twidth:70px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-330 {\n\theight:38px;\n\twidth:86px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-331 {\n\theight:28px;\n\twidth:73px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-332 {\n\theight:38px;\n\twidth:66px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-333 {\n\theight:29px;\n\twidth:51px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-334 {\n\theight:21px;\n\twidth:62px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-335 {\n\theight:29px;\n\twidth:65px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-336 {\n\theight:46px;\n\twidth:75px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-337 {\n\theight:39px;\n\twidth:167px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-338 {\n\theight:39px;\n\twidth:160px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-339 {\n\theight:21px;\n\twidth:65px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-340 {\n\theight:12px;\n\twidth:55px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-341 {\n\theight:34px;\n\twidth:17px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-342 {\n\theight:20px;\n\twidth:69px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-343 {\n\theight:31px;\n\twidth:252px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-344 {\n\theight:65px;\n\twidth:46px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-345 {\n\theight:36px;\n\twidth:94px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-346 {\n\theight:32px;\n\twidth:88px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-347 {\n\theight:19px;\n\twidth:252px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-348 {\n\theight:24px;\n\twidth:66px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-349 {\n\theight:19px;\n\twidth:28px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-350 {\n\theight:56px;\n\twidth:157px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-351 {\n\theight:52px;\n\twidth:205px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-352 {\n\theight:31px;\n\twidth:62px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-353 {\n\theight:32px;\n\twidth:217px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-354 {\n\theight:43px;\n\twidth:205px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-355 {\n\theight:22px;\n\twidth:53px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-356 {\n\theight:20px;\n\twidth:21px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-357 {\n\theight:22px;\n\twidth:38px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-358 {\n\theight:21px;\n\twidth:17px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-359 {\n\theight:25px;\n\twidth:74px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-360 {\n\theight:29px;\n\twidth:45px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-361 {\n\theight:25px;\n\twidth:50px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-362 {\n\theight:36px;\n\twidth:55px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-363 {\n\theight:17px;\n\twidth:52px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-364 {\n\theight:36px;\n\twidth:29px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-365 {\n\theight:57px;\n\twidth:92px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-366 {\n\theight:31px;\n\twidth:61px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-367 {\n\theight:55px;\n\twidth:77px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-368 {\n\theight:39px;\n\twidth:151px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-369 {\n\theight:25px;\n\twidth:59px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-370 {\n\theight:27px;\n\twidth:67px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-371 {\n\theight:33px;\n\twidth:60px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-372 {\n\theight:46px;\n\twidth:31px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-373 {\n\theight:40px;\n\twidth:203px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-374 {\n\theight:48px;\n\twidth:146px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-375 {\n\theight:23px;\n\twidth:43px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-376 {\n\theight:22px;\n\twidth:91px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-377 {\n\theight:22px;\n\twidth:81px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-378 {\n\theight:40px;\n\twidth:198px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-379 {\n\theight:36px;\n\twidth:139px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-380 {\n\theight:33px;\n\twidth:88px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-381 {\n\theight:42px;\n\twidth:123px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-382 {\n\theight:39px;\n\twidth:309px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-383 {\n\theight:41px;\n\twidth:79px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-384 {\n\theight:41px;\n\twidth:78px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-385 {\n\theight:42px;\n\twidth:78px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-386 {\n\theight:37px;\n\twidth:54px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-387 {\n\theight:17px;\n\twidth:27px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-388 {\n\theight:18px;\n\twidth:44px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-389 {\n\theight:17px;\n\twidth:44px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-390 {\n\theight:68px;\n\twidth:160px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-391 {\n\theight:55px;\n\twidth:62px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-392 {\n\theight:58px;\n\twidth:73px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-393 {\n\theight:54px;\n\twidth:53px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-394 {\n\theight:53px;\n\twidth:61px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-395 {\n\theight:38px;\n\twidth:88px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-396 {\n\theight:49px;\n\twidth:217px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-397 {\n\theight:28px;\n\twidth:128px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-398 {\n\theight:33px;\n\twidth:168px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-399 {\n\theight:21px;\n\twidth:73px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-400 {\n\theight:18px;\n\twidth:47px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-401 {\n\theight:26px;\n\twidth:46px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-402 {\n\theight:43px;\n\twidth:42px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-403 {\n\theight:21px;\n\twidth:32px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-404 {\n\theight:23px;\n\twidth:32px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-405 {\n\theight:34px;\n\twidth:50px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-406 {\n\theight:22px;\n\twidth:72px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-407 {\n\theight:23px;\n\twidth:58px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-408 {\n\theight:37px;\n\twidth:48px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-409 {\n\theight:57px;\n\twidth:44px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-410 {\n\theight:39px;\n\twidth:47px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-411 {\n\theight:39px;\n\twidth:43px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-412 {\n\theight:58px;\n\twidth:39px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-413 {\n\theight:89px;\n\twidth:212px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-414 {\n\theight:36px;\n\twidth:69px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-415 {\n\theight:50px;\n\twidth:152px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-416 {\n\theight:20px;\n\twidth:80px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-417 {\n\theight:20px;\n\twidth:23px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-418 {\n\theight:34px;\n\twidth:67px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-419 {\n\theight:36px;\n\twidth:209px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-420 {\n\theight:38px;\n\twidth:171px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-421 {\n\theight:19px;\n\twidth:48px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-422 {\n\theight:61px;\n\twidth:202px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-423 {\n\theight:31px;\n\twidth:187px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-424 {\n\theight:32px;\n\twidth:232px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-425 {\n\theight:37px;\n\twidth:469px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-426 {\n\theight:36px;\n\twidth:204px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-427 {\n\theight:26px;\n\twidth:134px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-428 {\n\theight:32px;\n\twidth:213px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-429 {\n\theight:25px;\n\twidth:252px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-430 {\n\theight:24px;\n\twidth:252px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-431 {\n\theight:19px;\n\twidth:519px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-432 {\n\theight:14px;\n\twidth:52px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-433 {\n\theight:36px;\n\twidth:143px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-434 {\n\theight:39px;\n\twidth:52px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-435 {\n\theight:38px;\n\twidth:50px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-436 {\n\theight:37px;\n\twidth:264px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-437 {\n\theight:67px;\n\twidth:62px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-438 {\n\theight:76px;\n\twidth:50px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-439 {\n\theight:66px;\n\twidth:68px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-440 {\n\theight:21px;\n\twidth:61px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-441 {\n\theight:56px;\n\twidth:74px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-442 {\n\theight:11px;\n\twidth:70px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-443 {\n\theight:46px;\n\twidth:73px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-444 {\n\theight:38px;\n\twidth:147px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-445 {\n\theight:12px;\n\twidth:56px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-446 {\n\theight:86px;\n\twidth:218px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-447 {\n\theight:53px;\n\twidth:75px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-448 {\n\theight:20px;\n\twidth:48px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-449 {\n\theight:36px;\n\twidth:73px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-450 {\n\theight:19px;\n\twidth:43px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-451 {\n\theight:12px;\n\twidth:67px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-452 {\n\theight:20px;\n\twidth:31px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-453 {\n\theight:152px;\n\twidth:337px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-454 {\n\theight:39px;\n\twidth:56px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-455 {\n\theight:54px;\n\twidth:146px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-456 {\n\theight:58px;\n\twidth:91px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-457 {\n\theight:44px;\n\twidth:155px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-458 {\n\theight:46px;\n\twidth:114px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-459 {\n\theight:70px;\n\twidth:81px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-460 {\n\theight:49px;\n\twidth:32px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-461 {\n\theight:47px;\n\twidth:75px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-462 {\n\theight:66px;\n\twidth:85px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-463 {\n\theight:59px;\n\twidth:153px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-464 {\n\theight:50px;\n\twidth:138px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-465 {\n\theight:55px;\n\twidth:47px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-466 {\n\theight:185px;\n\twidth:145px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-467 {\n\theight:19px;\n\twidth:55px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-468 {\n\theight:21px;\n\twidth:34px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-469 {\n\theight:93px;\n\twidth:137px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-470 {\n\theight:21px;\n\twidth:22px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-471 {\n\theight:29px;\n\twidth:153px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-472 {\n\theight:94px;\n\twidth:166px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-473 {\n\theight:109px;\n\twidth:214px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-474 {\n\theight:90px;\n\twidth:217px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-475 {\n\theight:21px;\n\twidth:46px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-476 {\n\theight:50px;\n\twidth:102px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-477 {\n\theight:39px;\n\twidth:215px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-478 {\n\theight:41px;\n\twidth:130px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-479 {\n\theight:40px;\n\twidth:83px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-480 {\n\theight:79px;\n\twidth:215px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-481 {\n\theight:51px;\n\twidth:147px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-482 {\n\theight:41px;\n\twidth:90px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-483 {\n\theight:156px;\n\twidth:207px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-484 {\n\theight:183px;\n\twidth:144px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-485 {\n\theight:111px;\n\twidth:212px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-486 {\n\theight:124px;\n\twidth:216px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-487 {\n\theight:124px;\n\twidth:165px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-488 {\n\theight:19px;\n\twidth:29px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-489 {\n\theight:30px;\n\twidth:37px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-490 {\n\theight:41px;\n\twidth:150px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-491 {\n\theight:37px;\n\twidth:52px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-492 {\n\theight:37px;\n\twidth:106px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-493 {\n\theight:68px;\n\twidth:153px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-494 {\n\theight:62px;\n\twidth:221px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-495 {\n\theight:37px;\n\twidth:62px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-496 {\n\theight:35px;\n\twidth:40px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-497 {\n\theight:48px;\n\twidth:154px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-498 {\n\theight:65px;\n\twidth:189px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-499 {\n\theight:31px;\n\twidth:45px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-500 {\n\theight:22px;\n\twidth:62px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-501 {\n\theight:86px;\n\twidth:188px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-502 {\n\theight:35px;\n\twidth:62px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-503 {\n\theight:80px;\n\twidth:199px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-504 {\n\theight:29px;\n\twidth:209px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-505 {\n\theight:32px;\n\twidth:47px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-506 {\n\theight:115px;\n\twidth:142px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-507 {\n\theight:56px;\n\twidth:183px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-508 {\n\theight:41px;\n\twidth:67px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-509 {\n\theight:54px;\n\twidth:76px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-510 {\n\theight:54px;\n\twidth:142px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-511 {\n\theight:89px;\n\twidth:148px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-512 {\n\theight:22px;\n\twidth:35px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-513 {\n\theight:30px;\n\twidth:28px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-514 {\n\theight:40px;\n\twidth:54px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-515 {\n\theight:40px;\n\twidth:66px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-516 {\n\theight:41px;\n\twidth:182px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-517 {\n\theight:55px;\n\twidth:186px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-518 {\n\theight:42px;\n\twidth:201px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-519 {\n\theight:104px;\n\twidth:213px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-520 {\n\theight:64px;\n\twidth:179px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-521 {\n\theight:123px;\n\twidth:191px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-522 {\n\theight:71px;\n\twidth:139px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-523 {\n\theight:151px;\n\twidth:211px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-524 {\n\theight:43px;\n\twidth:216px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-525 {\n\theight:46px;\n\twidth:191px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-526 {\n\theight:62px;\n\twidth:217px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-527 {\n\theight:71px;\n\twidth:224px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-528 {\n\theight:59px;\n\twidth:81px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-529 {\n\theight:92px;\n\twidth:176px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-530 {\n\theight:85px;\n\twidth:151px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-531 {\n\theight:71px;\n\twidth:151px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-532 {\n\theight:129px;\n\twidth:211px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-533 {\n\theight:40px;\n\twidth:155px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-534 {\n\theight:21px;\n\twidth:57px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-535 {\n\theight:91px;\n\twidth:192px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-536 {\n\theight:81px;\n\twidth:186px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-537 {\n\theight:95px;\n\twidth:106px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-538 {\n\theight:45px;\n\twidth:217px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-539 {\n\theight:72px;\n\twidth:220px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-540 {\n\theight:45px;\n\twidth:218px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-541 {\n\theight:72px;\n\twidth:217px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-542 {\n\theight:118px;\n\twidth:216px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-543 {\n\theight:83px;\n\twidth:196px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-544 {\n\theight:134px;\n\twidth:92px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-545 {\n\theight:43px;\n\twidth:217px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-546 {\n\theight:95px;\n\twidth:217px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-547 {\n\theight:44px;\n\twidth:37px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-548 {\n\theight:113px;\n\twidth:203px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-549 {\n\theight:65px;\n\twidth:177px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-550 {\n\theight:92px;\n\twidth:206px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-551 {\n\theight:26px;\n\twidth:24px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-552 {\n\theight:27px;\n\twidth:59px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-553 {\n\theight:27px;\n\twidth:46px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-554 {\n\theight:86px;\n\twidth:212px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-555 {\n\theight:69px;\n\twidth:224px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-556 {\n\theight:89px;\n\twidth:217px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-557 {\n\theight:5px;\n\twidth:11px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-558 {\n\theight:22px;\n\twidth:54px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-559 {\n\theight:33px;\n\twidth:83px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-560 {\n\theight:19px;\n\twidth:23px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-561 {\n\theight:25px;\n\twidth:83px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-562 {\n\theight:17px;\n\twidth:71px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-563 {\n\theight:35px;\n\twidth:234px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-564 {\n\theight:21px;\n\twidth:55px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-565 {\n\theight:21px;\n\twidth:29px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-566 {\n\theight:11px;\n\twidth:29px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-567 {\n\theight:111px;\n\twidth:27px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-568 {\n\theight:131px;\n\twidth:27px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-569 {\n\theight:175px;\n\twidth:36px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-570 {\n\theight:41px;\n\twidth:17px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-571 {\n\theight:175px;\n\twidth:25px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-572 {\n\theight:146px;\n\twidth:25px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-573 {\n\theight:150px;\n\twidth:23px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-574 {\n\theight:228px;\n\twidth:110px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-575 {\n\theight:64px;\n\twidth:25px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-576 {\n\theight:220px;\n\twidth:306px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-577 {\n\theight:62px;\n\twidth:18px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-578 {\n\theight:62px;\n\twidth:16px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-579 {\n\theight:62px;\n\twidth:17px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-580 {\n\theight:62px;\n\twidth:27px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-581 {\n\theight:206px;\n\twidth:45px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-582 {\n\theight:158px;\n\twidth:35px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-583 {\n\theight:30px;\n\twidth:7px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-584 {\n\theight:64px;\n\twidth:17px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-585 {\n\theight:29px;\n\twidth:25px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-586 {\n\theight:328px;\n\twidth:228px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-587 {\n\theight:19px;\n\twidth:26px;\n}\nimg._idGenObjectAttribute-588 {\n\theight:311px;\n\twidth:93px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-1 {\n\tbackground-color:#dae6f5;\n\tborder-width:0px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-2 {\n\tbackground-color:#5aa0d7;\n\tborder-color:#ffffff;\n\tborder-style:solid;\n\tborder-width:2px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-3 {\n\tbackground-color:#ffffff;\n\tborder-width:0px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-4 {\n\tbackground-color:#cadbf1;\n\tborder-bottom-left-radius:4px;\n\tborder-bottom-right-radius:4px;\n\tborder-top-left-radius:4px;\n\tborder-top-right-radius:4px;\n\tborder-width:0px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-5 {\n\tborder-width:0px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-6 {\n\tbackground-color:#f3f6fc;\n\tborder-color:#bad2ed;\n\tborder-style:solid;\n\tborder-width:3px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-7 {\n\tbackground-color:#5aa0d7;\n\tborder-bottom-left-radius:3px;\n\tborder-bottom-right-radius:3px;\n\tborder-top-left-radius:3px;\n\tborder-top-right-radius:3px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-8 {\n\tbackground-color:#ffffff;\n\tborder-color:#5aa0d7;\n\tborder-width:1px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-9 {\n\tbackground-color:#5aa0d7;\n\tborder-bottom-left-radius:4px;\n\tborder-bottom-right-radius:4px;\n\tborder-top-left-radius:4px;\n\tborder-top-right-radius:4px;\n\tborder-width:0px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-10 {\n\tborder-color:#939598;\n\tborder-style:dotted;\n\tborder-width:1px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-11 {\n\tbackground-color:#f3f6fc;\n\tborder-color:#5aa0d7;\n\tborder-style:solid;\n\tborder-width:1px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-12 {\n\tbackground-color:#5aa0d7;\n\tborder-color:#ffffff;\n\tborder-style:solid;\n\tborder-width:1px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-13 {\n\tborder-style:dotted;\n\tborder-width:1px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-14 {\n\tbackground-color:#58595b;\n\tborder-width:0px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-15 {\n\tbackground-color:#ffffff;\n\tborder-bottom-right-radius:2px;\n\tborder-top-right-radius:2px;\n\tborder-width:0px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-16 {\n\tbackground-color:#4ec8eb;\n\tborder-width:0px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-17 {\n\tbackground-color:#bd202e;\n\tborder-width:0px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-18 {\n\tborder-bottom-left-radius:12px;\n\tborder-bottom-right-radius:12px;\n\tborder-color:#ffffff;\n\tborder-style:solid;\n\tborder-top-left-radius:12px;\n\tborder-top-right-radius:12px;\n\tborder-width:1px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-19 {\n\tbackground-color:#fde9f1;\n\tborder-bottom-left-radius:3px;\n\tborder-bottom-right-radius:3px;\n\tborder-color:#ef5ba1;\n\tborder-top-left-radius:3px;\n\tborder-top-right-radius:3px;\n\tborder-width:1px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-20 {\n\tbackground-color:#ec0085;\n\tborder-bottom-left-radius:3px;\n\tborder-bottom-right-radius:3px;\n\tborder-color:#ec0085;\n\tborder-top-left-radius:3px;\n\tborder-top-right-radius:3px;\n\tborder-width:1px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-21 {\n\tbackground-color:#fad5e5;\n\tborder-bottom-left-radius:3px;\n\tborder-bottom-right-radius:3px;\n\tborder-color:#ef5ba1;\n\tborder-top-left-radius:3px;\n\tborder-top-right-radius:3px;\n\tborder-width:1px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-22 {\n\tbackground-color:#ededee;\n\tborder-color:#ec008c;\n\tborder-width:1px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-23 {\n\tborder-color:#ec008c;\n\tborder-width:1px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-24 {\n\tbackground-color:#ed1c24;\n\tborder-width:0px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-25 {\n\tborder-bottom-left-radius:8px;\n\tborder-bottom-right-radius:8px;\n\tborder-top-left-radius:8px;\n\tborder-top-right-radius:8px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-26 {\n\tbackground-color:#ededee;\n\tborder-color:#00aeef;\n\tborder-width:1px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-27 {\n\tbackground-color:#ededee;\n\tborder-color:#bb9d6e;\n\tborder-width:1px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-28 {\n\tbackground-color:#bb9d6e;\n\tborder-bottom-left-radius:3px;\n\tborder-bottom-right-radius:3px;\n\tborder-top-left-radius:3px;\n\tborder-top-right-radius:3px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-29 {\n\tbackground-color:#ededee;\n\tborder-color:#c7ad85;\n\tborder-width:1px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-30 {\n\tbackground-color:#f4efe7;\n\tborder-bottom-left-radius:3px;\n\tborder-bottom-right-radius:3px;\n\tborder-color:#c7ad85;\n\tborder-top-left-radius:3px;\n\tborder-top-right-radius:3px;\n\tborder-width:1px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-31 {\n\tbackground-color:#00aeef;\n\tborder-bottom-left-radius:3px;\n\tborder-bottom-right-radius:3px;\n\tborder-color:#00aeef;\n\tborder-top-left-radius:3px;\n\tborder-top-right-radius:3px;\n\tborder-width:1px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-32 {\n\tbackground-color:#ededee;\n\tborder-color:#00b9f2;\n\tborder-width:1px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectStyleOverride-33 {\n\tbackground-color:#e1f4fd;\n\tborder-bottom-left-radius:3px;\n\tborder-bottom-right-radius:3px;\n\tborder-color:#00b9f2;\n\tborder-top-left-radius:3px;\n\tborder-top-right-radius:3px;\n\tborder-width:1px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectLayout-1 {\n\ttext-align:center;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectLayout-2 {\n\tmargin:49px -49px 49px -49px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectLayout-3 {\n\tmargin:-127px 127px -127px 127px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectLayout-4 {\n\tmargin:-46px 46px -46px 46px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectLayout-5 {\n\tmargin:-141px 141px -141px 141px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectLayout-6 {\n\tmargin:-9px 9px -9px 9px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectLayout-7 {\n\tmargin:-5px 5px -5px 5px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectLayout-8 {\n\tmargin:-12px 12px -12px 12px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectLayout-9 {\n\tmargin:-130px 130px -130px 130px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectLayout-10 {\n\tmargin:-7px 7px -7px 7px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectLayout-11 {\n\tmargin:-8px 8px -8px 8px;\n}\ndiv._idGenObjectLayout-12 {\n\tmargin:-21px 21px -21px 21px;\n}\n" }